摘要
啶虫脒对蜜蜂急性毒性较低,且允许在作物花期施用,而杀菌剂也是蜜源植物花期常用药剂。本文采用点滴法和摄入法测定了10种常用杀菌剂对啶虫脒中华蜜蜂毒性的潜在增效作用。结果表明,点滴田间实际暴露剂量的杀菌剂使啶虫脒对中华蜜蜂的毒性不同程度的增加。点滴杀菌剂和啶虫脒24 h、48 h后,咪鲜胺、丙环唑、腈菌唑、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、己唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯、三唑酮、氟硅唑使啶虫脒毒性分别增加14.02、10.74、8.50、7.92、4.77、4.28、4.19、4.07、2.74、2.67倍和8.01、10.14、4.80、7.09、2.66、2.56、3.62、2.69、2.24、1.49倍。摄入田间实际暴露剂量的杀菌剂和啶虫脒混剂24 h、48 h后,啶虫脒对中华蜜蜂的毒性增加。其中,丙环唑、氟硅唑、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、咪鲜胺使啶虫脒的毒性分别增加3.62、2.46、2.10、1.98、1.56倍和2.07、2.81、2.20、2.58、2.23倍。因此蜜源植物花期应避免丙环唑、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、腈菌唑与啶虫脒先后喷施或混合喷施,慎用己唑醇等其他6种杀菌剂,以防啶虫脒残留导致中华蜜蜂采集蜂中毒。
Acetamiprid is preferred to treat flowering crops because of its low toxicity to honeybees compared to the other neonicotinoids, and fungicides are frequently used to control plant diseases during the flowering stage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential synergistic effect on Chinese honeybee （Apis cerana cerana） when exposed to acetamiprid and the common fungicides under laboratory conditions using topical application method and oral administration assay. Our results showed that the contact toxicities of acetamiprid increased to a certain ex- tent with the exposure of field-relevant doses of fungicides on honeybees. The contact toxicities of acetamiprid in- creased by 14.02, 10.74, 8.50, 7.92, 4.77, 4.28, 4.19, 4.07, 2.74, 2.67 times and 8.01, 10.14, 4.80, 7.09, 2.66, 2.56, 3.62, 2.69, 2.24, 1.49 times after the topical application of prochloraz, propiconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconzole, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, hexaconazole, pyraclostrobin, triadimefon, flusilazole for 24 hours and 48 hours, re- spectively. Relatively low synergistic effect was observed after the oral exposure to the mixture of acetamiprid and fungicides with field-relevant doses for both 24 hours and 48 hours. The oral toxicities of acetamiprid increased by 3.62, 2.46, 2.10, 1.98, 1.56 times and 2.07, 2.81 2.20, 2.58 2.23 times when mixed with propiconazole, flusilazole, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, prochloraz for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the sequentially spray or mixed spray of propiconazole, prochloraz, tebuconzole, myclobutanil with acetamiprid on crops during their flowering seasons should be avoided, and the other six fungicides such as hexaconazole should be used with caution in case of the poisoning of forager bees.
出处
《生态毒理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期273-280,共8页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-44-SYZ13
CARS-44-KXJ10)
中央级科研院所基本业务费项目(2016hzs1J018)
海南省自然科学基金(20153082)
海南省科协青创项目(QCXM201712)
关键词
丙环唑
咪鲜胺
啶虫脒
中华蜜蜂
急性毒性
增效作用
混用
propiconazole
prochloraz
acetamiprid
Apis creana cerana
acute toxicity
synergism
mixing
