摘要
肇始于二十世纪三十年代并经过八十余年发展、迄今已相对完善的美国土壤污染防治立法,理应对我国土壤污染防治立法具有比较法上的借鉴意义。我国《土壤污染防治法》应重点考虑四个基本问题:其一,应当强化"多元共治"理念,明确厘清中央与地方政府、各部门之间以及政府与社会公众之间的治理角色与互动关系;其二,重新审视"公权力不得处分原则"并采纳秉承法律实用主义理念的美国执法和解制度,以确保早日排除危害或控制风险,并及时且有效地修复污染地块;其三,应以严格责任为归责原则,就责任主体、主体间关系和免责事由等内容作明确规定,并防止责任"向地方政府逃逸";其四,以严格责任为基础,着力构筑强制性土壤污染责任保险与"超级基金"相衔接的制度体系,以实现全面填补土壤污染损害的制度目的。
This paper takes the experience of American soil pollution control beginning from 1930 s as the analysis sample and then makes comments based on the legislation tradition and real conditions of China. Four basic problems should be taken into consideration in the law of the prevention and control of soil pollution in China. Firstly,the concept of‘plural co-governance'should be strengthened in the new law,and we should clarify the governing roles and interactions between the central and local governments,among various departments and between the government and the general public. Secondly,legislators should re-examine ‘the principle of public power not disposed'and apply American law enforcement reconciliation embodying legal pragmatism in order to eliminate the hazard or control risk soon and repair contaminated lots timely and effectively. Thirdly,the new law should be based on the principle of strict liability,and make clear provisions on the subjects of responsibility,the relationships between them and the liability exemption conditions in order to prevent the responsibility escaping to local governments. Lastly,on the basis of strict liability,the new law would strive to construct the institutional system of compulsory liability insurance of soil pollution connected with the superfund to achieve the overall purpose of filling the system of soil pollution.
出处
《榆林学院学报》
2018年第1期78-90,共13页
Journal of Yulin University
关键词
《土壤污染防治法(草案)》
多元合作治理
执法和解
严格责任
超级基金
the Law of Soil Pollution Prevention and Control(Draft)
plural co-governance
law enforcement reconciliation
strict liability
superfund
