摘要
文章对我国开展的马铃薯土壤速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施钾量研究进行了系统总结。结果表明,马铃薯土壤速效钾丰缺指标不同区域之间差异颇大,以缺钾处理相对产量90%指标为例,土壤速效钾含量变动于80~268 mg/kg;除内蒙古、福建和重庆外,我国马铃薯土壤速效钾丰缺指标研究存在很多空白区域;马铃薯土壤缺钾较为普遍,第2~5级为土壤速效钾集中分布的丰缺级别,缺钾处理相对产量大多处在60%~100%;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明;可以采用"养分平衡—地力差减法"确定不同速效钾丰缺级别土壤的马铃薯适宜施钾量;适宜施钾量与土壤速效钾丰缺级别线性负相关,与目标产量线性正相关,与肥料利用率负相关;在钾肥当季利用率50%、目标产量15~60 t/hm^2时,土壤速效钾丰缺级别第1~7级的马铃薯适宜施钾量范围依次为0,21~84,42~168,63~252,84~336,105~420,126~504 kg/hm^2。
In this paper, researches on abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil available K for potato(SAKFP) and appropriate potassium fertilizer application rate(APFAR) conducted in China were systematically summarized. The results showed that there were considerable differences in their ADI of SAKFP in different regions, and the ADI of soil available K for potato for 90% relative yield(RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except potassium(TCNTEP) changed from 80 to 268 mg/kg. Except Inner Mongolia, Fujian and Chongqing, researches on ADI of SAKFP in China had many blank regions. Soil available K deficiency for potato in China were common, and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAKFP focused on level 2~5, and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 60%~100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient, the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. The APFAR for different abundance-deficiency levels of SAKFP could be determined with methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAKFP are linear negative correlation. APFAR and the yield goal are linear positive correlation. APFAR and the potassium fertilizer use efficiency in current season(PFUEICS) are linear negative correlation. When the PFUEICS is 50% and the target yield is 15~60 t/hm^2, the APFAR for the SAKFP abundance-deficiency level 1~7 from high to low are 0,21~84,42~168,63~252,84~336,105~420 and126~504 kg/hm^2,respectively.
出处
《北方农业学报》
2018年第1期58-63,共6页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-35)
关键词
中国
马铃薯
测土施肥
土壤养分
速效钾
丰缺指标
施肥量
China
Potato
Soil testing and fertilizer recommendation
Soil nutrient
Available K
Abundance-deficiency index
Fertilizer application rate
