摘要
在美国,精英性质的专门职业教育始于本科教育之后。本文基于对医学教育演变历程的分析,探究了这种教育序列如何形成。19世纪,美国医生职业危机重重,准入门槛降低,医学教育质量堪忧。1893年,霍普金斯大学医学院进行了教育改革,其举措之一即要求申请者完成本科教育。改革取得成功,霍普金斯大学医学院模式随之扩散,越来越多的医学院招收本科毕业生。这种教育序列延长了医学教育年限,抬高了医生的准入门槛,有助于提升医生的社会地位。另一方面,文理学院占据着美国大学的核心地位,在生源竞争中,专业学院难与文理学院抗衡。依托本科教育与专业教育间的序列,本科生院与专业学院形成双赢的竞争格局。这种教育序列是职业加强成员资格控制与教育系统内部不同组织之间竞争的产物。
Students are required to complete college education before entering elite pro- fessional schools in America. The paper explored how this formed, focusing on the medical education. In the 19th century, the medical profession access control was weak and the edu- cation quality was low. Medical school in Johns Hopkins reformed the education and claimed the bachelor degrees of the applicants; then, this recruit practice diffused widely. It pro- longed the period of doctor training, making it affordable for the elite groups; meanwhile, the profession obtained reputation. In addition, it was difficult for the professional school to compete with the college in the student market. Based on such sequence, the two formed the win-win relationship. The sequence resulted from the reinforced professional control and edu- cational organization competition.
作者
蔺亚琼
李紫玲
IAN Ya-qiong;LI Zi-lin(School of Education, Huazhong University of Science ＆ Technology, Wuhan 430074, Chin)
出处
《高等教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第12期96-103,共8页
Journal of Higher Education
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(15YJC880040)
关键词
专门职业教育
教育序列
职业控制
教育组织竞争
professional education
education sequence
professional access control
educational organization competition
