摘要
目的了解天津市家庭相关环境因素对小学生视力不良的影响,为采取有效的干预措施提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,选取天津市3所小学一~六年级的1 404名小学生进行调查。采用标准对数视力表对小学生进行视力检查;对学生或家长采用自编"天津市学生用眼情况调查表"进行问卷调查。结果学生总体视力不良率为43.1%,不同性别、不同年级之间视力不良检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为9.5,81.3,P值均<0.01)。是否独生子女(χ~2=19.9)、父母文化程度(χ~2值分别为20.5,32.4)、父母视力不良情况(χ~2=35.9)、孩子完成家庭作业的地方(χ~2=14.0)、学习时开灯情况(χ~2=21.3)、睡觉时开夜灯情况(χ~2=5.5)、家长是否会注意孩子读写习惯(χ~2=6.9)、家长是否带孩子接受阳光照射(χ~2=29.0)均与视力不良有关(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄越大、女生、父母至少一方患有视力不良是小学生发生视力不良的独立危险因素,父母带孩子外出接受阳光照射是视力不良发生的保护因素(P值均<0.05)。结论小学生视力不良患病率有随年级逐渐升高的趋势,家庭相关因素对视力不良的发生具有影响。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of poor vision and family-related factors among primary students in Tianjin, and to provide evidence for effective prevention of poor vision. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 1 404 primary students from three primary schools in Tianjin. Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was employed to examine studentss＂ eyesight, and a self-administrated questionnaire was conducted among students and parents to investigate the condition of primary school students＂ eyesight, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results The detection rate of students＂ poor vision was 43.1%, and the differences between different genders and different grades were of statistical significance （X^2 = 9.5, 81.3, P〈0.01）. The only ehild（X^2 = 19.9）, parental education levels（X^2 = 20.5, 32.4）, parental eyesight（X^2 = 35.9）, the location where child studies at home（X^2 = 14.0）, types of lamps and lanterns while studying（X^2 = 21.3）, turning on the night lights when the child sleeps（X2 = 5.5）, whether the parents focus on reading and writing habits of their children or not（X^2 = 6.9）, whether the parents take their children outside to enjoy the sunshine or not （X^2 = 29.0） were associated with poor vision（P〈0.05）. Multivari- ate Logistic analysis indicated elder ages, female, genetic factor were independent risk factors for poor vision, whilst the variable that parents took the children outside to enjoy the sunniness was the protective factor（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of poor vision among primary school students increased with the increase of grade.
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第1期19-22,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
天津市重点支撑科技计划项目(15ZCZDSY01050)
关键词
视力
低
家庭
因素分析
统计学
儿童
Vision, low
Family
Factor analysis, statistical
Students
