摘要
利用10年定位试验研究长期秸秆还田对湖北省江汉平原水稻-小麦轮作制作物产量和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,在配施氮、磷、钾肥基础上,10年20季作物连续秸秆还田,水稻和小麦的子粒年均增产量分别为584和264 kg/hm^2,增产幅度分别为7.37%和8.15%;秸秆年均增产量分别为398和611kg/hm^2,增产幅度分别为6.50%和15.44%。秸秆还田在一定程度上提高作物子粒中氮的含量和秸秆中钾的含量。秸秆还田显著提高作物氮、钾吸收量,但对磷吸收量影响不显著,其中水稻年均氮、磷、钾吸收量分别提高9.59%、3.95%和9.94%,小麦分别提高12.70%、7.39%和29.90%。秸秆还田对提高作物产量和促进养分吸收的效应表现为小麦>水稻,钾>氮>磷。作物产量和养分吸收的年度变异大于小区变异,其中小麦的变异大于水稻。在不施肥条件下,水稻比小麦更能维持较高的产量和养分吸收量。
The effects of application of straw to soil（ASS） on crop yield and nutrients absorption was studied in a rice-wheat rotation system in Jianghan plain of Hubei province for 10 years. The results showed that on the basis of chemical nitrogen （N） ,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） fertilization,10 years of consecutive ASS increased grain yield of rice by 584 kg/hm^2 or 7.37%,and that of wheat by 264 kg/hm^2 or 8.15%,increased straw yield of rice by 398 kg/hm^2 or 6.50%,and that of wheat by 611 kg/hm^2 or 15.44% on average, respectively. ASS also enhanced N concentration in the grain and K concentration in the straw of the crops. N and K absorption of the crops was significantly increased by ASS,whereas no obvious P absorption increment was observed. The annual absorption increments of N,P and K in rice were 9.59%,3.95% and 9.94%, and those in wheat were 12.70% ,7.39% and 29.90% on average,respectively. Therefore,the effect of ASS on crop yield and nutrients absorption was ordered as wheat〉rice,and K〉N〉P. Annual variance of crop yield and nutrients absorption was higher than plot variance,and the variance in wheat season was higher than in rice season. If treated without any chemical or organic fertilizers,higher relative yield and nutrients absorption in rice season were observed than in wheat season.
出处
《湖北农业科学》
2017年第24期4731-4736,共6页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300902-04)
湖北省农业科学院重大专项(2017CGPY01)
关键词
秸秆还田
作物产量
养分含量
养分吸收量
水稻-小麦轮作制
straw to soil
crop yield
nutrient concentration
nutrient absorption
rice-wheat rotation system
