摘要
建立国家公园体制是推进生态文明建设的重要举措之一。目前,我国启动了9个国家公园体制试点区建设工作,表明中国保护地管理体制机制改革已从理论层面进入到实践阶段。土地权属不明晰是我国保护地建立的历史遗留问题,引发保护地与周边社区的矛盾,导致保护地生态破坏和多头管理等问题。人多地少的国情使我国国家公园在建设过程中面临的人地矛盾更为突出。国家公园试点区内目前存在着的原住民和集体土地,有着极为复杂的产权问题,需要通过调整土地权属和明晰土地用途,进一步落实自然资源的归属管理和用途管制,最终实现资源的严格保护和永续利用。本文介绍了我国国家公园体制试点区的土地权属和流转问题的由来,剖析了钱江源国家公园的土地确权流转案例,并借鉴英美在国家公园的土地权属与管理方面的国际经验,提出了解决我国国家公园土地权属问题的设想,包括:因地制宜、分步开展土地确权和流转,建立长效生态补偿机制,建立试点区与社区共建共享机制等。
One of the most crucial initiatives for promoting ecological civilization construction is the establishment of a national park system. Up till today,China has initiated 9 pilot programs suggesting mechanism upgrade reform of protected areas management from theory to practice. The un-clarified land property subject to historical problems during the establishing of protected areas in China leads to the conflicts between protected areas and peripheral communities,the ecological destruction in protected areas,and the risk of multi-channel management. Land dispute is the primary conflict during the establishing of national parks in China. Due to the large quantities of aborigines,collective land and the complicated property rights in the pilot areas of the national parks,initiatives including the readjustments of land property rights,the clarifications of land use,and the implementation of the management of ownership and use of natural resources are necessary for the strict protection and sustainable use of natural resources. This study did a detailed description of the land ownership and circulation problems in the pilot areas of Chinese national parks, as well as the international experiences of land ownership and management in Europe and North America. According to the analysis of Qianjiangyuan National Park based on the land dispute during the land approval and circulation,several suggestions are raised for solving the problems of land ownership in national parks in China,including accelerating the promotion of land approval,differentiating the land circulation,establishing a long-term compensation mechanism, and establishing sharing mechanism between pilot areas and communities.
出处
《旅游科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期14-23,共10页
Tourism Science
关键词
国家公园
土地权属
生态补偿
自然保护地
national park
land ownership
ecological compensation
protected area
