摘要
再生水灌溉对于控制农业面源污染,保护洱海水环境具有重要意义。分析总结出洱海流域适宜的水稻再生水灌溉制度及施肥制度,拟合了稻田田面水和渗漏水总氮浓度随时间的消减公式,根据田间水量平衡计算出不同典型年再生水灌溉制度下因排水和渗漏流失的总氮量,比较了淹灌和间歇灌两种模式下水稻再生水灌溉节水减污效果的差异。结果表明,在再生水总氮浓度为15 mg/L的前提下,由地表排水和渗漏带走的再生水总氮量平均不超过1 kg/hm2,再生水中总氮利用效率可达95%以上,实际被水稻利用的总氮超过20 kg/hm2;可减少清洁水用量65%以上,减少氮肥施用比例超过15%;针对洱海流域水稻再生水灌溉条件下间歇灌溉模式优于淹水灌溉。
Reclaimed water irrigation （RWI） is of great significance to the control of agricultural non-point source pollution and the protection of the water environment of Lake Erhai. The appropriate irrigation system and fertilization system of rice irrigated by reclaimed water in Erhai are analyzed and summarized in this paper. The variation of total nitrogen（TN） concentration with time in surface water and seepage water of paddy field is also fitted. According to the balance of field water, the amount of total nitrogen lost for drainage and seepage under reclaimed water irrigation systems in different typical years is calculated, and the difference of water-saving and pollution reduction effect between irrigation and intermittent irrigation under RWI is compared in this study. The results show that the TN content of reclaimed water taken away from surface drainage and seepage is less than 1 kg/hm2（ not including the effect of chemical fertilizers） under the condition that the TN concentration of reclaimed water is under 15rag/L, the TN use efficiency in RW can reach more than 95%, and the TN used by rice is more than 20 kg/hm2, the amount of clean water can be reduced by more than 65% and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application should be reduced by more than 15%. The intermittent irrigation mode is superior to flooding irrigation for the RWI of rice in Erhai Watershed.
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2017年第12期13-16,21,共5页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
云南省科技计划项目(2015BB019)
关键词
洱海流域
再生水灌溉
水稻
节水
氮流失
Lake Erhai Watershed
reclaimed water irrigation
rice
water-saving
nitrogen loss
