摘要
19世纪末20世纪初,美国迎来了史无前例的外来女性移民潮。其中,意大利女性移民数量一路狂飙,成为该时期美国外来女性移民中最主要的群体之一。究其原因,意大利国内的人口流动与迁移传统为女性大规模迁往美国奠定了文化基础,意大利融入世界经济体系过程中国内政治、经济的新变化成为最主要的驱动因素,其中在经济上主要表现为农业危机所带来的人口过剩和生存压力,政治上主要表现为意大利政府对于移民的政策支持。最后,随着美国工业革命的完成,世界资本主义经济体系的中心也逐渐向北美转移,由此创造了大量就业机会并吸引着该中心边缘地区的劳动力前往美国,美国作为"移民天堂"的吸引力因素则成为意大利女性移民的外部因素。从跨国主义视角进行分析,这些因素共同促成19世纪末20世纪初意大利女性大规模移民美国的历史现象。
The late 19 th and early 20 th centuries witnessed an unprecedented influx of female immigrants into the United States. Among them, female immigrants from Italy grew rapidly in number, becoming one of the major groups of America＇s female immigrants in that period. Italian migration tradition provides a cultural basis for largescale female migration to the US, and the political and economic changes within Italy during the process of its integration into global economy are the most important driving force. In economy, changes were mainly reflected as overpopulation and stress of survival caused by agricultural crisis, and in politics mainly as Italian government＇s policy support for migration. Finally, after American industrial revolution, the center of the world capitalist economic system gradually shifted to North America, which created lots of jobs and thus attracted labors to the United States. The United States being ＂immigrants＇ paradise＂ is the external factor for Italian female migration.From the perspective of transnationalism, all the above factors contribute to mass Italian female migration to the United States in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries.
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期21-27,共7页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"美国公共价值观悖论研究"(15JJD770006)
关键词
美国
意大利女性
生存危机
移民
跨国主义
the United States
Italian females
living crisis
migrate
transnationalism
