摘要
在"流动转向"的背景下,"流动"成为了情感体验、物质和社会关系相互牵连的复杂过程,而交通工具作为一种"流动性技术"也不再仅仅是克服距离的功能性工具,每一种流动方式都被赋予了丰富且独特的意义。同时,在中国后改革时代社会转型的背景下,入藏旅游成为了一种神圣的、精神的旅程,而不同的入藏方式对这种旅游体验又具有重要影响。文章以入藏火车为案例,采用深度访谈、参与式观察和文本分析3种研究方法,从新移动范式的角度研究入藏游客、目的地西藏与青藏铁路沿途景观、入藏火车内部环境这三者之间的相关关系。文章认为,首先目的地西藏的特殊性,使得物质技术以及其运动中相伴的渐变海拔,共同以"高原反应"的特殊形式嵌入游客的身体,致使游客对地方和运动产生了独特的流动性体验,进而赋予了入藏火车以特殊的文化意义。其次,作为视觉体验对象的沿途景观与游客存在着紧密的情感联系,而这种情感体验又在游客的实践过程中借助一定的媒介得以生产、维持和流动。另外,入藏火车内部物质空间在流动过程中,扮演着主动参与建构游客流动性体验的角色,这一内部空间的身体、物质设施与物质文化在相互交织和作用中,共同融合成了一个具有丰富情感和意义的有机整体。再者,游客互动过程中的信息交流关系、情感关系和旅行时间关系的生产和变化,促使车厢空间形成了一种具有共同的意识和行为准则的微社区,进而深刻地影响了游客的流动性体验和实践。总而言之,入藏火车旅行是一种"流动的仪式"。研究的创新点在于,联合情感体验、物质和社会关系3个维度来展开流动性的研究,并尝试探讨三者之间的相互关联。同时将旅途过程本身,而不是旅游目的地,作为研究的出发点。在实用层面上则指出,目的地特殊性、流动的物质景观、物质设施和物质文化,以及社会关系这4种非经济因素也是影响游客旅游决策的重要内容。
Within the context of＂mobility turn＂, mobilities bears complex implications for emotional experiences, material processes and social relations. Vehicles, serving as technologies of mobility, bear much more expansive meanings than just functional tools that overcome distance limitations. Through various mobility experiences and practices, different modes of travel are endowed with abundant and unique meanings and structures of feelings and affects. The Chinese society is currently experiencing rapid economic growth and social transformation in the post-reform era. Against such a background,traveling to Tibet has been regarded as a type of sacred and spiritual journey that is highly appealing to tourists. Meanwhile, choices of entry methods also have profound implications for such journeys.Drawing on in-depth interviews, participant observation and textual analysis, this paper develops a case study of train travel to Tibet. Based on the perspective of the new mobility paradigm（NMP）, this paper explores the complex material and non-material exchanges and interactions between travelers＇ bodies,imaginations for the tourist destination, landscapes alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and the internal environment of the train. The followings are the main findings： The endemism of tourist destination, Tibet, serves as a primary factor that enables the technological devices and the concomitant altitude gradients to be embedded in tourists＇ bodily experiences, expressed by＂altitude sickness＂.This result in the tourists＇ unique mobility experiences of place and movement. And in this way, the train itself were, in turn, given distinct cultural connotations. Furthermore, the gradually changing landscapes along with railway mobility, as the objects of visual experiences, are closely connected with tourists＇ emotions. Such emotional experiences can be produced, maintained and circulated in tourists＇ practices with the help of specific media. This paper also points out that the internal material space of the train plays an active role in constructing tourists＇ mobility experiences during the process. Within such interior space, tourists＇ bodies, material infrastructures and situated practices are closely intertwined and are all merged into an organic whole with rich feelings and meanings. At the same time, the ongoing social interactions between tourists unfold in the forms of information exchange,affective relations and improvised social relations. The production and dynamics of these three kinds of relations promotes the formation of a micro community in the compartments. It has been found that this small social niche, with shared feelings and code of conduct can exert a profound influence on tourists＇ mobility experiences and practices. In short, the train travel to Tibet can be conceptualized as a＂mobility of ritual＂. To sum up, the contributions of this paper are twofold. On the one hand, it combines three factors, namely emotional experiences, material basis and social relations, into this research of railway mobility and tries to discuss how these three are correlated. On the other hand, it treats the travel process, rather than the destination, as the anchor of research. Besides, on an empirical level, this paper suggests that the endemism of tourist destination, the ebbing and flowing landscapes,the material infrastructures, situated practices, and social relations are all important non-economic factors that have notable impact on tourism decision-making.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第12期17-27,共11页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"转型期中国城市公共空间的空间实践与社会建构"(41401139)资助~~
关键词
流动性
火车旅行
体验
物质
社会关系
西藏
mobility
train travel
experiences
materiality
social relations
Tibet
