摘要
随着非农工资性收入占中国农民收入比重的逐年增加,为了实现家庭收入最大化,绝大多数农民采取兼业行为。那么,农民兼业行为对非农工资性收入究竟有何影响?文章采用处理效应模型和收入分解方法,利用2012年"中国家庭追踪调查"(CFPS)数据,考察了兼业行为对农民非农工资性收入的影响作用及其内在机理。研究表明:兼业农民的非农工资性收入和小时工资水平均显著低于纯非农就业农民。进一步研究发现,由兼业行为引起的歧视效应是产生这种收入差距的主要原因。因此,实施促进农民增收政策时,应瞄准不同人群采用不同的惠农富农政策,以提高政策的精准性:既要着力破除以户籍制度为代表的制度性约束,鼓励部分兼业农民向非农部门彻底转移,提高其工资性收入;又要深化农业供给侧改革,增加农民土地财产性收益,从而促进农民增收。
To increase farmers＇ income and narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents in China, it is an important way to realize common prosperity. However, because of the slowing-down increase in farmers ＇ income, some schemes should be taken to broaden income sources, tap latent potentialities and cultivate new points of income growth. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, non-farm income that exceeds agriculture income has mainly accounted for the proportion of farmers＇ income. Due to Chinese household registration system, most farmers devote themselves to part-time business to maximize income. How does the business behavior have the influence on non- agricultural income？ Based on a literature review of part-time business behavior and nonfarm wage income, it could be found that most studies focus on part-time business or non -farm wage income, and have no systematic review of their relationship. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of farmers＇ part-time behavior on non-farm wage income, and aims to perfect existing research and provide further research ideas. In order to achieve above objectives, firstly, this paper puts forward two following hypotheses, firstly, part-time business behavior would not only reduce farmers＇ non-agricultural income, but also cut down hourly wage level. Secondly, individual characteristics, career choices and part-time business behavior would be the factors that play the important roles in farmers＇ non-farm wage income. What＇s more, the part-time business behavior is the main factor that would make wage income gap between farmers with combined occupations and farmers who only are busy with non-agricultural jobs. Then according to China Family Panel Studies （CFPS） in 2012, this paper empirically studies these effects by using treatment effect model and income decomposition method. Results are showed that part-time business would significantly reduce farmers~ wage income and actual hourly wages. What＇s more, it shows that the discrimination effect caused by part-time behavior is the main reason for non-farm income gap between farmers with combined occupations and ones who only are busy with non-agricultural jobs. Therefore, the implementation of policies to promote farmers＇ income should be aimed at improving policy accuracy, such as striving to break institutional constraints represented by dividing the household registration system to encourage farmers transferring to non-agricultural sectors, and deepening agricultural supply-side reform to improve the land property income and increase farmers＇ gross income.
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第12期45-57,共13页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(16AZD012)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71673173
71773068)
上海财经大学研究生创新基金资助项目(CXJJ-2016-442)
关键词
兼业行为
非农工资性收入
收入分解
part-time business
non-farm wage income
income decomposition
