摘要
通过对向海自然保护区湿地资源的全面调查,分析其分布特征,结果表明:区内湿地斑块共有102块,分为5种类型,永久性咸水湖湿地由21个湖泊湿地构成,季节性咸水湖湿地由12个湖泊湿地构成,河流湿地由4条人工及自然河流湿地构成,季节性咸水沼泽湿地由24处沼泽湿地构成,沼泽化草甸湿地由41处沼泽化草甸湿地构成,各类湿地所占面积比例依次为28.05%、1.50%、1.25%、43.97%、25.23%,各类湿地植被覆盖率依次为22.50%、35.16%、2.50%、67.41%、55.60%,后两类湿地中有狗尾草和灰菜分布与生长,显示湿地干旱化的征兆已十分明显。在湿地植物中,典型指示性湿生植物三棱藨草分布有限,是导致鹤类、雁类等水鸟减少的原因之一。目前只有霍林河、洮儿河可为向海湿地供给与补充水源,额穆泰河已无水可供,从2003年开始截至2016年,共补给水40.63亿m3,年均2.90亿m3。向海湿地水资源短缺、生境破碎化与退行性演变是存在的主要和亟待解决的问题。
The wetland resource of Xianghai Natural Conservation Area was investigated completely and the distribution characteristics were analyzed. The result showed that there were 102 wetland patches divided into 5 types. The perpetual salt water lake wetland consisted of 21 lake wetlands. The seasonal salt water lake wetland consisted of 12 lake wetlands.The river wetland consisted of 4 artificial and natural river wetlands. The seasonal salt water marsh wetland consisted of 24 marsh wetlands. The swamp meadow wetland consisted of 41 swamp meadow wetlands. The area proportion of each wetland was 28. 05 %,1. 50 %,1. 25 %,43. 97 %,25. 23 %. The vegetation coverage of each wetland was 22. 50 %,35. 16 %,2. 50 %,67. 41 %,55. 60 %. There were Setaria viridis（ L.） Beauv. and Chenopodium album L. distribution and growth included in the later two wetlands. The sign of wetland aridification was very obvious. The limited distribution of typical indicative hygrophyte Scirpus triqueter L. was one of the reasons resulted in the reduce of cranes and wild goose among the wetland plant. Only Huolin river,Taoer river can provide the water resource to Xianghai wetland. Ermutai rive had no water to provide. It provided 4. 063 billion m3 water from 2003 to 2016. The average was 0. 29 billion m3 per year. The main problem demanding prompt solution of Xianghai wetland was water resources shortage,habitat fragmentation and retrogressive evolution.
出处
《吉林林业科技》
2017年第6期37-41,共5页
Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology
关键词
向海自然保护区
湿地资源
分布特征
水资源
植被覆盖率
三棱藨草
Xianghai Natural Conservation Area
wetland resource
distribution characteristics
water resource
veg-etation coverage
Scirpus triqueter L.
