摘要
作为促进全要素生产率变动的重要动力来源,技术进步的速率及其要素偏向类型均在较大程度上影响着经济增长的潜力乃至其发展方式。本文基于生产前沿分析框架,构建技术进步的综合评估模型,对1996—2014年期间中国技术进步速率、实现路径及要素偏向类型的时空分异规律进行系统研究。结果显示:(1)在整个样本期内,中国技术进步的平均速率高达3.05%,不仅抵消了由技术效率降低所导致的TFP损失部分,还促进整体的生产率实现了年均近2%的增长。纵观其阶段性变化特征:中国技术进步速率在2003年之前逐年下降,其数值由1996年的1.080降低到2003年的1.025;随后,该指数呈现波动状态,取值范围在1.006—1.030之间。(2)近20年来中国所实现的持续技术进步主要源自于中性技术进步的贡献(约为86%);尽管要素偏向型技术进步的贡献份额总体上呈现持续上升态势,但作用相对较小(仅为14%)。由此可见,随着要素市场化改革的持续推进以及资源配置效率的不断提升,要素偏向型技术进步对我国总体技术水平的提升作用尚存在较大的改进空间。(3)中国要素偏向型技术进步在整个样本期内总体表现为资本密集-劳动节约型、能源密集-劳动节约型特征;而对于资本、能源两种要素而言,技术进步的要素偏向呈现明显的阶段性演化特征:1996—2001年期间,主要体现为资本密集-能源节约型;2002—2005年期间,能源密集-资本节约型技术进步逐渐盛行并占据主导地位;2006—2014年期间,要素偏向型技术进步又重回资本密集-能源节约型。此外,受要素禀赋分布不均所影响,中国技术进步的要素偏向类型还表现出较为显著的空间分异规律。
Acting as one of the determinants in improving total factor productivity（TFP）,the rate of technological progress and its direction plays an important role in determining China ＇s economic development mode.Based on a production frontier analysis framework,this paper builds an integrated model on technical progress measurement.The rate of China＇s technical progress during 1996-2014 and its realizing paths as well as the spatial-temporal differences of factor biased technological progress are examined by using this theoretical model.The results indicate that： First,the rate of China＇s technological progress over the whole studied period is 3.05%,which promotes the improvement of aggregated TFP by 2% annually.In regards to its variation trend,the rate of China＇s technological progress declined gradually before 2003 and the kept stable within the range of 1.006-1.030.Second,neutral technological progress makes the largest contribution,while factor biased technological progress contributes little with its share increasing continually.As a result,with the market-oriented reforms for all kinds of production factors as well as the improvement of resource allocation efficiency,factor biased technological progress will make more contribution to the enhancement of China＇s overall technical level.Third,China＇s factor biased technological progress is typically in the characteristics of‘capital intensive-labor saving＇and ‘energy intensive-labor saving＇.As to the status between capital and energy,it presents obvious stage characteristics.Additionally,due to the uneven distributions of China＇s factor endowments,there are significant regional differences for China＇s factor biased technological progress.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第11期21-30,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"供给侧结构性改革与发展新动力研究"(批准号:16ZDA006)
国家自然科学基金青年项目"要素市场扭曲对中国高耗能行业能源生产率的影响研究"(批准号:71303177)
"环境政策交互作用下企业低碳技术创新激励研究"(批准号:71503094)
关键词
技术进步
要素投入结构
全要素生产率
时空分异
technological progress
proportions of factor inputs
total factor productivity
temporal and spatial variation
