摘要
在中国整体贫困发生率显著下降的同时,教育贫困却并未减少,甚至出现了反弹现象。文章利用1991~2011年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,通过测算教育投资收益率和工作经验对工资收入波动的影响,揭示教育贫困"不降反升"的原因。结果发现,城乡均存在"教育投资陷阱",农村地区教育投资收益率"极化"特征更明显,教育贫困程度更深,低学历个人的教育投资收益率"倒挂"现象是教育贫困"不降"的主要原因;工作经验对低学历个人的工资收入波动影响更大,且低学历个人的工作经验系数值存在"倒挂"现象,这是教育贫困"不降"的另一原因。2000年之后农村低学历个人的工资收入方差波动区间不断扩大,是农村教育贫困"反升"的主要原因。进一步分析表明,低学历个人的工资收入更容易受到个人属性(健康状况、性别等)的影响,而高学历个人的工资收入更多地取决于工作行业和岗位。
Chinese overall poverty incidence has declined dramatically;meanwhile,education poverty has not been decreased and even bounced.Based on the CHNS(1991-2011)data,this paper explores the reasons of this'increasing instead of decreasing'through measuring the effects of the rate of returns to education investment and work experience returns on wage fluctuation.The results find that there are'education investment traps'in both urban and rural areas.The degree of education poverty and polarization of returns to education are much severer in rural areas.The deeper education poverty and'inversion'of the rate of returns to education investment of lower-educated individuals are the main reasons for'not decreasing'of education poverty.Work experience results in larger volatility in income for lower-educated individuals,and there is also significant reversal in experience elasticity coefficient,which is another reason for'not decrease'.After 2000,the range of wage variance of rural lower-educated individuals is constantly expanding,which is the main reason for'increase'of rural education poverty.Furthermore,wage income of lower-educated individuals turns to be more vulnerable to personal attributes,including healthy condition and gender,while wage income of higher-educated individuals depends more on industry and occupation.
出处
《中国人口科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期12-28,共17页
Chinese Journal of Population Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"应对中等收入陷阱挑战的综合研究"(编号:11&ZD006)的阶段性成果
