摘要
义务教育专项转移支付是矫正义务教育投入过度依赖县域经济发展,促进义务教育均衡发展的重要途径。浙江省县域经济水平与县域义务教育投入的空间分布并非一致的事实表明,义务教育专项转移支付在促进义务教育投入均衡方面发挥了很好的作用。究其原因,一方面,义务教育专项转移支付资金分配具有明显的扶弱能力,整体而言,经济发展水平越高,享有的义务教育专项转移支付份额越低;另一方面,义务教育专项转移支付产生了激励地方政府增加义务教育投入的示范效应,获得的义务教育专项转移支付越多,义务教育投入增速越快。两股力量方向一致,带动经济欠发达地区义务教育投入快速增加,加速了义务教育投入均衡进程。但是,浙江省义务教育专项转移支付还需要在动态调整转移支付受益对象、建立长效激励机制、改变资金投入重点、创造优化转移支付制度的环境等方面进一步改进。
Transfer payment of compulsory education is an important way to block the relation between economy and education input and to promote education equity. The fact that the spatial distribution of the county＇s economic level in Zhejiang Province and the investment in county compulsory education is not consistent shows that the special transfer payment of compulsory education has played a very good role in promoting the balanced investment of compulsory education. One of the reasons is that the main beneficiaries are the residents from the lowest GDP per capita. That is, compulsory education transfer payments help the poor. The regions with higher level of economic development will get less shares of the special transfer payments. The other reason is that compulsory education transfer payments have encouraged the county governments to invest more on compulsory education. The more the compulsory transfer payments are paid, the faster the growth of compulsory education investment is made. The two forces are in the same direction, and the investment in compulsory education in economically underdeveloped areas has increased rapidly, which has accelerated the process of balanced investment in compulsory education. However, there are some improvements in Zhejiang＇s compulsory education transfer payments such as dynamically adjusting the beneficiaries of transfer payments, establishing a long-tenn incentive mechanism, changing the focus of capital investment and creating an optimal environment to improve transfer payment system.
出处
《教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第9期46-54,共9页
Educational Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"基于国家治理体系现代化的税制结构优化研究"(项目编号:71473216)的研究成果
关键词
转移支付
投入均衡
示范效应
义务教育均衡发展
transfer payments, input equilibrium, incentive effects, balanced development of compulsory education
