摘要
外泌体是直径为30~100 nm,表达特异性表面分子,如CD63、CD81等的胞外囊泡,其内包有DNA、m RNA、nc RNAs、蛋白以及脂类等生物活性物质。通过转运其包含物,外泌体可调控受体细胞的信号通路及蛋白表达,在介导肿瘤细胞与其肿瘤微环境中其他细胞间的细胞通讯和物质交流中起重要作用。肿瘤干细胞是存在于肿瘤组织内,具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞亚群,被认为是导致肿瘤传统治疗失败和复发的根源。然而,肿瘤干细胞与非干性肿瘤细胞之间实则处于分化和去分化的动态平衡状态,肿瘤干细胞不再是肿瘤治疗的固定靶点,因此,阻断其相互转化尤为重要,更是较好的肿瘤治疗策略。外泌体作为细胞间信息传递的载体,是否参与调控肿瘤干细胞与非干性肿瘤细胞之间的相互转化,靶向外泌体及其信号通路是否有利于减少肿瘤干细胞的生成,最终根治肿瘤,值得深入研究。
Exosomes, expressing the specific surface molecules such as CD63 and CDS1, are 30 - 100 nm extra- cellular vesicles, and contain a broad array of biologically active materials including DNA, mRNAs, ncRNAs, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes modulate signaling pathways and protein expression by transferring their molecular contents into re- ceptor cells, and play crucial roles in mediating intercellular communication between tumor cells and their surrounding mi- croenvironment. Cancer stem cells are a small kind of heterogeneous cells existed in tumor tissues or cancer cell lines. These cells possess sternness phenotype containing self-renewal ability and multi-potential differentiation which was consid- ered as the reason for the failure of conventional cancer therapies and tumor recurrence. However, a highly dynamic equi- librium was found between cancer stem cells and cancer cells and this indicates that cancer stem cells are no more special target and blocking the transformation of cancer stem ceils and cancer ceils seem to be a more significant therapied strategy. As information transforming carrier between cells, whether exosomes regulated cancer cell transformation among cancer stem cell dynamic equilibrium, and targeting exosome signaling attenuated the formation of cancer stem cells and finally cure cancers, this is worthy of further study.
出处
《肿瘤预防与治疗》
2017年第5期373-384,共12页
Journal of Cancer Control And Treatment
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:31371148)
关键词
外泌体
肿瘤干细胞
动态平衡
肿瘤微环境
靶向治疗
Exosomes
Cancer stem ceils
Dynamic equilibrium
Tumor microenvironment
Targeting therapy
