摘要
热镀锌技术是目前钢铁材料防腐蚀的一种有效方法,但是在热镀锌过程中会产生大量热镀锌渣。热镀锌渣是溶解在锌液中的Fe与锌液中的Zn或Al在高温条件下生成的金属间化合物。热镀锌渣中含有大量金属锌,是一种使用价值极高的二次锌资源。但是热镀锌渣不能直接用于工业生产,需要对其进行回收处理。目前,热镀锌渣的回收利用工艺可大致分为火法和湿法。详细介绍了这两种热镀锌渣回收利用工艺的机理及研究进展,阐述了现有热镀锌渣回收工艺中的熔析熔炼法、蒸馏法、真空蒸馏法、化学法和电解法的工艺原理,并对这几种回收提纯工艺的特点进行了总结。阐明了不同回收工艺获得最终锌产品的特点和工艺过程中所用设备的差异。通过对火法和湿法两种回收工艺进行比较,进一步分析了现有锌渣回收处理工艺的优缺点。最后提出综合利用现有锌渣回收工艺的优点,研发新型、高品质、低能耗、高效率、环保的回收工艺是热镀锌渣回收处理技术未来的发展趋势。
Hot galvanizing technology is currently an effective method for corrosion protection of steel materials, but much hot-dip galvanized slag will be produced during the process of hot galvanizing. The hot galvanizing slag is an intermetallic compound generated by Fe dissolved in zinc solution and Zn or Al in the zinc solution at high temperature. Hot-dip galvanized slag is a secondary zinc resource of high use value as it contains plenty of metallic zinc. However, hot-dip galvanized slag can not be used for industrial production directly, hence shall be recycled. Currently hot-dip galvanized slag recovery process can be roughly classified into fire process and wet process. Mechanism and research progress of the two recycling processes for hot-dip galvanizing slag were introduced in detail. Process principles of melting smelting, distillation, vacuum distillation, chemical and electrolytic methods in existing recovery process for hot-dip galvanizing slag were expounded, and characteristics of these re- covery and purification processes were summarized. Characteristics of the final zinc products obtained by different recovery processes as well as differences in the equipment used in the processes were clarified. Advantages and disadvantages of existing zinc slag recovery process were further analyzed by comparing the fire and wet methods. Finally, it was pointed out that takingoverall advantages of the existing recovery process for hot-dip galvanizing slag, and developing new, high quality, low energy consumption, high efficiency and environmental friendly recovery process were the development trend of recovery process for hot-dip galvanizing slag in the future.
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第10期91-98,共8页
Surface Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(51671052)~~
关键词
热镀锌
锌渣
火法
湿法
hot galvanizing
zinc slag
fire method
wet method
