摘要
流行性乙型脑炎 (乙脑 )是一种严重危害人类 (特别是儿童 )健康的急性传染病 ,病死率高 (5 %～ 35 %) ,后遗症严重 (30 %～ 5 0 %)。过去乙脑主要在亚洲和东南亚的一些国家流行。然而 ,自 2 0世纪 90年代以来乙脑传播到一些原来的非流行区 ,原属非流行区的一些国家和地区首次报道了乙脑流行以及乙脑患者病后遗留的后遗症。为了有效控制乙脑流行 ,必须加强乙脑的监测和预防。开展和加强乙脑的流行监测 (包括人群抗体水平、蚊带毒率、猪抗体阳转率、乙脑病例诊断以及对新分离乙脑病毒抗原变异等的监测 )是非常必要的。我国每年仍报 1万～ 2万病例 ,如何减少乙脑病例是主要问题 ,建议提高对易感人群乙脑疫苗接种覆盖面 ,特别是广大农村儿童 ,是预防乙脑的有效措施。
Japanese encephalitis(JE)is a severe infectious disease which not only has high mortality(5%～35%),but also high sequelae rate(30%～50%)with great threat to children's health.JE epidemic occurred mainly in Asia and some of the Southeast Asian countries in the past.However,it had spread to some non-epidemic areas since 1990's. This article mainly introduced the prevalent status of JE in some originally non-epidemic areas and the sequelae caused by JE.In order to effectively control the prevalence of JE,the surveillance and prophylaxis of the disease must be strengthened.Surveillance should include human antibody level,JE virus carrying rate of mosquitoes,JE antibody positive sero-conversion rate in pigs,JE case diagnosis and analysis of antigenic variation of the newly isolated JE virues and so on.In recent ten years,about 10 to 20 thousand JE cases had been reported each year in China.It is important to know how to decrease the morbility of JE.It is suggested that increasing the immunization coverage rate of JE vaccine for children,especially in wide rural area,is an effective prophylaxis measurement.
出处
《中国计划免疫》
2002年第4期226-230,共5页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
流行性乙型脑炎
后遗症
监测
预防
Japanese encephalitis
Sequelae
Surveillance
Prophylaxis
