摘要
为了解甘肃省不同经济状况地区儿童计划免疫接种情况及影响因素 ,采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法 ,在全省抽取部分经济收入不同的地区开展相关调查 ,共调查 130个村和居委会 ,10 2 5名儿童 ,其中城镇儿童 2 36人 ,农村儿童 789人。结果显示 :四种疫苗全程免疫接种率平均为 85 37%,在城市和农村经济较好地区均 >85 %,而在农村最贫困地区则只有 79 0 9%;乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗接种率平均为 38 34 %,在城市及农村不同经济水平地区乙肝疫苗接种率有明显差别 ,随着经济收入的增加而增高 ,城市为 6 9 0 7%,农村平均为 2 9 15 %。影响儿童计划免疫接种的主要因素是经济收入、地理地貌、儿童计划免疫保偿入保率、儿童母亲文化程度、冷链运转次数、儿童出生地点 (家中或医院 )等。由此表明 ,甘肃省农村的最贫困地区计划免疫工作比较薄弱 ,在发展当地经济的基础上 ,政府要增加对这些地区计划免疫经费的投入 ;进一步完善和加强计划免疫工作的科学管理 ;加强对民众的文化教育和卫生知识宣传教育等。从全方位入手 ,才能改善和提高儿童计划免疫接种的质量。
In order to know the immunization status and its affecting factors in children in different economic developing areas of Gansu Province,we carried out an investigation in 130 villages and residential committees distributing in 14 prefectures(city),72 counties(city,district)and 120 towns of the province by the method of stratified multistage cluster sampling.The total children investigated were 1025,236 of them lived in cities and towns,789 were in rural areas. The survey showed that the whole course vaccination rate of four vaccines was 85.37% averagely,and was >85% in economic developing cities and rural areas,but was only 79.09% in very poor rural areas. The immumization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 38.34% averagely,a great difference among cities and rural areas of different economic levels existed,it raised along with the increment of economic income,69.07% in cities and 29.15% in rural areas averagely.The factors that affected the expanded program on immunization(EPI)were economic income,geographical landform,children immunization insurances rate,cycle of the cold chain system,child birth places(home or hospital)and the educational level of the parents.In view of these,the EPI service was weak in the poorest rural areas of the province,so the governments while developing local economics have to give financial help for EPI in these areas to improve the scientific management,to propagate the knowledge of hygiene, thus to improve the EPI quality.
出处
《中国计划免疫》
2002年第4期217-219,共3页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
