摘要
资本主义自诞生以来经历了多次深刻的危机,但一再从危机中脱身。资本主义能一次次从危机中解脱的根本原因,在于其有一套相对完善的自我调整机制,这套机制的核心是资本逻辑的弹性。资本主义对1929-1933年的"大萧条"危机、1970年代到1980年代的"滞胀"危机、2008年开始的国际金融危机这三次大危机的应对,突出反映了资本逻辑的弹性。这种弹性主要表现在资本逻辑的收缩能力、扩张能力与动态应变能力三个方面,其重点分别是需求调节、供给调节和综合调节,分别对应着资本主义的制动机制、动力机制和平衡机制,三者共同构成了抑制巨大周期波动、稳定资本主义运行的负反馈机制。虽然资本逻辑的弹性一次次从危机中挽救了资本主义,但这三种能力有其各自限度,而且三种能力的总体弹性有一个最终限度,即资本自身。资本逻辑弹性对资本主义的每一次拯救,并没有解除资本主义的基本矛盾,在表面上缓解危机的同时,又为更深层次的危机埋下了隐患,压缩了资本主义的回旋余地,把资本主义进一步推向其自身的历史极限。
Capitalism experienced many profound crises since its birth, but repeatedly escaped from the crises. The fundamental reason why capitalism can get free from crises is that it has a relatively perfect self-regulating mechanism. The core of this mechanism is the elasticity of capital logic. Capi- talism＇ s responses to the 1929-1933 ＂Great Depression＂ crisis, ＂Stagflation＂ crisis from the 1970s to the 1980s, and the international financial crisis from 2008, reflect the elasticity of capital logic prominent- ly. This kind of elasticity is mainly manifested in three aspects： the contractile ability, the expansion ability and the dynamic adaptability of capital logic. The key points of the three abilities are demand regulation, supply regulation and comprehensive regulation, which correspond to the capitalist braking mechanism, power mechanism and balance mechanism respectively. The three mechanisms together constitute the negative feedback mechanism which suppresses huge cyclical fluctuations and stabilizes capitalist operation. Although the elasticity of capital logic saved capitalism from time to time, every ability has its own limits, and the overall elasticity of the three abilities has a final limit, the capital itself. Every rescue of capitalism by the elasticity of capital logic, did not eliminate the basic contradiction of capitalism. When it eased the crisis on the surface, it buried hidden dangers of the deeper crisis, compressed the leeway of capitalism, and pushed capitalism further to its own historical limit.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第10期123-132,共10页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金一般项目"德国古典哲学与法兰克福学派现代性批判的思想谱系研究"(项目编号:15BZX023)的阶段性成果
关键词
危机
资本逻辑
资本主义
弹性
限度
Crisis
Capital Logic
Capitalism
Elasticity
Limit
