摘要
凭借商业网络、专业知识等优势,上海茶栈设计了适合近代中国商业习惯的放款制度,使金融业最大程度地参与到对外贸易中,并最大限度地降低了放款风险。但茶栈放款也引致一系列负面影响,茶叶质量低劣程度加剧是其中之一。为攫取利益和规避风险,茶栈强制性要求借款者保证最低数量的茶叶供给,在此信贷约束下,制茶号利用一切机会进行低劣产制,以保证数量供给和实现成本转移,导致茶农的获利空间被极大挤压,致使他们粗放生产,形成恶性循环。同时,既有金融的内在缺陷、茶栈与制茶号之间难以构建长期业务关系和外部性选择等因素,引致了更深层次的信贷约束,使制茶号得不到用于改进茶叶质量所需的长期贷款,抑制了茶叶质量改进,严重影响了中国茶叶的国际竞争力。
Shedding critical light on the loan management of Shanghai-based Chazhan,or Tea Shops,the present paper reexamines the relation of credit constraints and poor quality of tea.Owners of Chazhan had commercial network and professional knowledge,so that they created a loan disbursement system in conformity with the Chinese reality,whereby the finance could have a hand in the foreign trade to the utmost and the load risk be substantially reduced.Nevertheless,Chazhan's financial impulse negatively influenced the production of tea.Chazhan forcibly required producers must provide a minimum amount of tea in exchange of loans.Producers abusively exploited tea farmers in turn with a view to cutting the cost.Consequently,farmers produced poorer tea because they could make few profits.Besides this,severe credit constrains dawned due to inherent defects of existing financial system,unstable cooperation of Chazhan and producers,and external factors.Worst of all,tea producers could by no means obtain long-term loans whereby they could improve the production.Thus,the Chinese tea was much less competitive in the global market.
出处
《史林》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期1-14,共14页
Historical Review
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划后期资助(16HQZZ19)
国家社会科学基金重大项目"近代中国金融市场发展与运行研究"(16ZDA133)
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD16XYJ25)
广州市哲学社会科学发展"十三五"规划课题(2016GZQN13)阶段性成果
