摘要
黄河是世界上输沙量最大、含沙量最高的河流。近年来,受人类活动和降雨变化的影响,入黄泥沙量减少明显,潼关水文站实测年输沙量由1919—1960年的平均15.9亿t减少至2000—2015年的平均2.5亿t,减幅为84%。入黄泥沙的变化受到各方关注,并开展了大量的研究,然而由于研究采用的资料和方法不同,因此研究成果差别较大,对引起入黄泥沙减少的主要原因及未来变化趋势尚未形成统一认识。分析了流域主要产沙区的侵蚀产沙主要机理和泥沙入黄过程,提出泥沙入黄是水力侵蚀、重力侵蚀与河道水流输沙共同作用的结果;针对防治水土流失的"三道防线",从拦减黄土高原入黄泥沙的整体与部分关系出发,探讨了当前各项水保措施的作用,估算出的来沙水平与《黄河流域综合规划》(2012—2030年)提出的正常降雨条件下未来水平年的多年平均年输沙量基本相当。为满足黄河长治久安的需求,降低工程泥沙设计风险,工程设计来沙量应考虑一定富余度。
Sediment and sediment concentration of the Yellow River is the largest and highest in the world. In recent years, the sediment moving into the Yellow River decreases obviously, for an instance, the measured annul mean sediment amount in Tongguan Hydrological Sta- tion showed a sharp decreased trend from 15.9x10s t/a during 1919-1960 to only 2.5x l0s t/a during 2000-2015, the reduction range is 84%. The change of sediment moving into the Yellow River has been paid much attention. However, due to the different data and various methods used in studies, the results and conclusion are quite different, and there is no unified understanding of the change of sediment mov- ing into the Yellow River. In this paper, firstly the core mechanism of soil erosion and the main process of sediment moving into the Yellow River were analyzed in the area where sediment mainly produced, which seemed to be cooperatively resulted by hydraulic erosion, gravita- tional erosion and sediment transporting by water flow in the riverbed ; then, according to the ＂three lines of defense＂ of soil erosion control, the role of water and soil conservation projects were discussed in order to estimate the amount of sediment moving into the Yellow River. The results show that the annual sediment estimated in this research are similar to that in the （（Master Plan of Yellow River Basin））（2012-2030） under normal precipitation conditions. To meet the requirement of sustainable development of the Yellow River and reduce uncertainty risk, the safety amount should be taken into account in engineering design.
作者
张金良
ZHANG Jinliang(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, Chin)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第9期8-12,17,共6页
Yellow River
关键词
水土保持
下垫面
水力侵蚀
重力侵蚀
侵蚀产沙
输沙量
黄河
water and soil conservation
underlying surface
water erosion
gravitational erosion
soil erosion
amount of sediment trans-port
Yellow River
