摘要
为对单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)的人工苗种生产提供科学有效的基础资料,进行了受精方式和环境因子对单环刺螠受精与孵化的影响研究。结果表明,自然受精的受精率(95.67±2.32)%显著高于人工授精(8.79±6.02)%^(57.83±8.23)%(P<0.05);人工授精中,精卵比例为5∶1~10∶1时的受精率显著高于其他人工授精组实验组(P<0.05),可达50%左右。环境因子中,水温在15.0~21.0℃时,孵化率均达86%以上,显著高于其他水温组(P<0.05);盐度为24.1~30.0的实验组中有幼虫孵化,且盐度为27.2时孵化率最高,为(86.70±2.24)%,与其他盐度组差异均显著(P<0.05);pH为6.96~9.01的实验组中有幼虫孵化,且pH为8.02时孵化率最高,为(84.26±4.20)%,与其他pH组差异均显著(P<0.05);受精卵密度为1 ind./mL时的孵化率为(89.43±2.34)%,较其他实验组稍高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);充气+搅动实验组的孵化率为(90.50±2.23)%,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),通过搅动水体可将孵化率提高30%以上,而充气可将孵化率提高10%以上。综上所述,受精方式的不同以及环境因子(水温、盐度、pH、充气方式等)的变化会直接影响单环刺螠的受精率和孵化率。本研究通过对比实验,获得了单环刺螠人工授精的最佳精卵比例以及在较大实验水体中受精卵孵化的最适环境因子条件,这将为单环刺螠的全人工苗种繁育工作提供参考依据。
In order to obtain the basic data for artificial seeding production of U. unicinctus,the fertilization methods and environmental factors that affected the fertilization and hatching of U. unicinctus were investigated in the study.The results showed that the fertilization rate of natural insemination（ 95. 67 ± 2. 32） % was significantly higher than that of artificial insemination（ 8. 79 ± 6. 02） % ^（ 57. 83 ± 8. 23） %（ P〈 0. 05）. In the experiment of artificial insemination,the fertilization rate with the sperm and egg ratio of 5∶ 1 to 10∶ 1 was significantly higher than that of the other groups（ P〈 0. 05）,and it was about 50%. In respect of the environmental factors,the hatching rate was above86% when the water temperature was 15. 0 ~ 21. 0℃,significantly higher than that of the other water temperature groups（ P 〈0. 05）. The larvae hatched in the 24. 1 ~ 30. 0 salinity and the highest hatching rate（ 86. 70 ±2. 24） % happened at the salinity of 27. 2,which was significantly different from the other groups（ P〈 0. 05）. The larvae hatched in the pH 6. 96 ~ 9. 01 and the highest hatching rate（ 84. 26 ± 4. 20） % appeared at pH 8. 02,which was significantly different from the other groups（ P 〈0. 05）. The hatching rate of the fertilized eggs at 1 ind./mL was（ 89. 43 ± 2. 34） %,which was relatively higher than the other experimental groups,but the difference was not significant（ P〉 0. 05）. The hatching rate of the group with aeration and agitation（ 90. 50 ± 2. 23） % was significantly higher than that of the other groups（ P〈 0. 05）. The hatching rate was increased by more than 30% by agitating the water,and it was increased by more than 10% by aeration. In conclusion,the fertilization rate and hatching rate of U. unicinctus were significantly affected by the different fertilization methods and the changes of environmental factors（ water temperature,salinity,pH,means of aeration etc.）. In the present study,the optimal proportion of sperm-egg artificial insemination and the optimum environmental factors for hatching of fertilized eggs in large experimental water were obtained,which would provide a reliable reference for the whole artificial seed breeding of U. unicinctus.
出处
《中国渔业质量与标准》
2017年第4期37-44,共8页
Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards
基金
山东省科技发展计划项目(2014 GHY 115028)
关键词
单环刺螠
人工苗种生产
受精
孵化
环境因子
Urechis unicinctus
artificial seeding production
fertilization
hatching
environmental factors
