摘要
本文介绍一种测量地球重力加速度的新方法,即圆柱形容器中的水在绕竖直中心轴匀速旋转时,水面会形成一个抛物面^([1]),该抛物面的焦距与重力加速度和旋转周期有关。利用该性质并结合大学实验室中常见的刚体转动惯量实验仪,通过测量抛物面的焦距与旋转周期即可得出重力加速度的数值。此方法避免了传统的单摆实验中摆线质量、空气阻力、圆锥摆等影响因素^([2]),使得测量精度增加。此方法适用于大学物理实验教学,可激发学生对实验的兴趣,且具有一定的观赏性。
This paper introduces a new method to measure the gravitational acceleration. When a cylinder containing water rotates around its vertical central axis at a constant speed, the surface of water will form a paraboloid whose focal length is related to the gravitational acceleration and the rotational period. According to this phenomenon combined with the use of the moment of inertia apparatus, which is common in college laboratory, we can work out the gravitational acceleration by measuring the focal length and rotational period. In this way, the influence factors in the traditional pendulum experiment such as the mass of the rope, air resistance, conical pendulum, etc. , can be avoided, which increases the accuracy of measurement. This method is applicable for college physics teaching, because it can increase students＇ interest in experiments and has certain ornamental value.
出处
《物理与工程》
2017年第5期40-43,共4页
Physics and Engineering
基金
教育部高等学校大学物理课程教指委教学研究立项项目(编号:DWJZW201409hb)
关键词
重力加速度
刚体转动惯量实验仪
水
抛物面
gravitational acceleration
the moment of inertia apparatus water
paraboloid
