摘要
为探索稻麦或稻油轮作制下,小麦、油菜秸秆还田对汉中盆地稻田土壤碳库组分的变化,设置小麦秸秆不还田(WSN)、小麦秸秆常规还田(WS)、小麦秸秆促腐还田(WSM)、油菜秸秆不还田(RSN)、油菜秸秆常规还田(RS)、油菜秸秆促腐还田(RSM),共6个处理,通过大田试验研究了不同秸秆类型及还田方式对稻田0—5,5—10,10—15,15—20,20—25cm 5个土壤层次中的土壤容重、总有机碳(TOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)、活性有机碳效率(ACL)、碳储量(SCS)、碳库管理指数(CPMI)及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田显著降低0—15cm土层容重,对15—25cm并未产生显著影响。与不还田相比,秸秆还田明显增加了各层次土壤有机碳库指标含量,但TOC和LOC含量均随土壤深度的增加而减少,两者在0—15cm土层含量较高,具有明显的表层富集现象;与不还田相比,小麦及油菜秸秆还田后可明显增加稻田0—25cm土层中的土壤碳储量(SCS),增幅可达21.9%~23.5%和1.7%~6.7%。不同土层中的LOC、ACL、CPIM对秸秆类型的响应不同,具体表现为小麦秸秆还田(WS、WSM)对0—15cm土层具有显著促进作用,而油菜秸秆还田(RS、RSM)对15—25cm土层中的有显著促进作用。产量方面,秸秆促腐还田模式下(WSM、RSM)水稻产量最高,常规还田模式(WSN、RSN)次之,而不还田时产量最低。相关分析显示0—10cm土壤活性有机碳有效率与水稻产量显著相关。秸秆还田是提高汉中盆地稻田土壤有机碳和产量较为有效的农田管理措施。两种轮作模式下,小麦秸秆全量旋耕还田更有利于固持稻田土壤有机碳和增加水稻产量增加。
A field experiment was carried out in rice-wheat or rice-rape rotation field in Hanzhong basin,Shaanxi Province,China,to investigate the effect of wheat or rape straws returning on soil bulk density,soil nutrients,total organic carbon（TOC）,active organic carbon（LOC）,active organic carbon efficiency（ACL）,organic carbon storage（SCS）,carbon management index（CPMI）and rice yield.Six treatments were set up,including no straw returning（WSN）,conventional wheat straw returning（WS）,decayed wheat straw returning（WSM）,no rape straw returning（RSN）,conventional rape straw returning（RS）and decayed rape straw returning（RSM）.Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-5cm,5-10 cm,10-15 cm,15-20 cm and 20-25 cm soil layers,respectively.Results showed that straw returning significantly reduced soil bulk density of 0-15 cm soil layer,however,this kind of treatment had no significant effect on soil bulk density of 15-25 cm soil layer.Compared to no straw returning treatment,the soil organic carbon contents significantly increased in the wheat or rape straw returning treatments.Meanwhile,the TOC andLOC in soil decreased with the increasing of soil depth,and TOC and LOC in 0-15 cm soil layer were both higher,and had an obvious surface enrichment phenomenon.Compared to no straw returning treatment,SCS of 0-30 cm soil layer significantly increased by 21.9%-23.5% and 1.7%-6.7%in the wheat straw return treatments and rape straw return treatments,respectively.Compared to the rape straw return treatments（RS,RSM）,wheat straw returning significantly increased LOC,ACL,and CPIM of 10-15 cm soil layer;whereas,LOC,ACL,and CPIM of 15-25 cm soil layer in the rape straw returning treatments were significant higher than those in the wheat straw returning treatments（WS,WSM）.As for rice yield,value was the highest under WSM and RSM treatments,followed by WSN and RSN treatments,and the yield was the lowest when there was no straw returning.Correlation analysis showed that rice yield positively related with ACL of 0-10 cm soil layer.The straw returning treatment was one of the most effective farming practices to improve soil organic carbon,and crop yield in Hanzhong basin.Full wheat straw returning to field with rotary tillage significantly increased soil carbon sequestration and rice yield under the wheat-rice rotation system.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期325-331,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTCL02-21
2016KTZDNY03-01)
省农业科技创新与攻关项目(2016NY-180)
关键词
汉中盆地
稻麦或稻油轮作
秸秆还田
土壤有机碳
碳储量
固碳效率
Hanzhong basin
rice-wheat or rice-rape rotation
straw returning
soil organic carbon
carbon storage
carbon sequestration efficiency
