摘要
刑事司法实践之所以大量存在将一般行政违法行为认定为犯罪的现象,主要是因为没有以正当理念为指引,没有做出实质解释,没有进行独立判断。公、检、法应当以刑法的自由保障理念、刑法的补充性与预防犯罪的理念为指引,充分保障国民的预测可能性,使刑法真正成为保护法益的最后手段,使刑罚成为预防犯罪的有效工具。刑事司法人员应当对构成要件进行实质解释,对违法性进行实质判断;不能将一切利益当作刑法的保护法益;不能分解成或者还原为个人法益的所谓公法益,不是刑法保护的法益。行政法的规定以及行政机关对案件事实与处理结论的认定,只具有作为认定犯罪线索的意义;刑事司法人员必须根据刑法的特点对构成要件要素、案件事实进行独立判断,独立作出处理结论,不得将行政责任的认定结论与根据直接作为刑事责任的认定结论与根据。
The reason why a large number of administrative violations have been confirmed as crimes is mainly due to the lack of guidance with proper idea, substantive interpretation to crimes and independent judgment to cases. The organs of public security, people＇s procuratorates and people＇s courts shall adopt the idea of free safeguard and the idea of preventing crimes and supplementing the Criminal Law, fully safeguard the forecast possibility of citizens, make the Criminal Law become the last way of protecting legal interests, and enable the punishment to be the effective tool of preventing crimes. Criminal judicial officials shall interpret constitutive elements in substantial methods, make substantial judgment to the illegality and retreat from protecting all interests by the means of criminal law. For interest which is called public legal interest, if it cannot be disintegrated or restored into individual legal interest, then it is not a legal interest which is protected by the criminal law. Administrative regulations and administrative conclusion made by administrative organs regarding case facts and conclusions thereof can only be used as clues in the process of determining criminal cases. Criminal judicial officials shall make independent judgment regarding the constitutive elements and the case facts pursuant to the characteristic of the criminal law, therefore reach judicial conclusions independently, and they cannot directly take the administrative basis and conclusion as the judicial basis and conclusion to render a criminal punishment.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期37-56,共20页
China Legal Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"我国刑法修正的理论模型与制度实践研究"(项目批准号:16ZDA060)的阶段性成果
