摘要
针对宁夏引黄灌区水稻磷肥施用不合理的问题,探索水稻增产与养分高效的磷肥供应与相应的栽培模式之间的关系,以指导该地区水稻生产。通过在宁夏引黄灌区进行的田间试验,研究插秧和直播两种栽培模式下不同供磷水平(P2O50、45、90、135、180 kg/hm2)对水稻产量、不同器官氮磷钾养分含量、累积量及其分配比例、水稻磷肥利用效率及磷素平衡的影响。结果表明:插秧栽培较直播栽培水稻实粒增产15.6%,瘪粒产量降低184.0%。两种栽培方式下,水稻产量随着施磷量增加而增加,插秧栽培增产幅度为64.6%~68.7%,直播栽培增产幅度为24.2%~42.6%。施磷量和水稻籽粒产量之间有极显著的二次曲线关系,插秧水稻最高产量施磷量为158.5 kg/hm2,最佳经济产量施磷量为146.7 kg/hm2,比直播处理降低11.42%、8.9%。与直播处理相比,插秧处理实粒、地上部的氮素累积量分别提高12.3%、12.01%,磷素累积量降低6.39%、2.61%,钾素累积量提高了11.67%、17.87%。直播处理100 kg籽粒氮磷钾消耗比例为1∶0.35∶0.6,插秧处理为1∶0.30∶0.64。插秧处理水稻磷肥利用效率、偏生产力、农学利用效率、生理利用效率较直播处理分别提高了17.4%、8.6%、38.4%、4.6%,两种栽培方式下,当施磷量超过135 kg/hm2后水稻磷素携出量开始下降,施磷处理磷肥表观平衡均表现为盈余。综合考虑提高水稻产量、效益、磷肥当季回收率及维持土壤磷素平衡等因素,在本试验条件下,插秧处理最佳施磷范围为P2O5146.7~158.5 kg/hm2,直播处理为P2O5159.8~176.6 kg/hm2较为适宜。
In view of the unreasonable P application of rice at Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia,the rice yield and nutrient efficiency of P fertilizer and corresponding cultivation mode were explored to aid in the production of rice. A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of P application rates（P2O50,45,90,135,180 kg/hm2） on grain yield,different organs N,P,K nutrient content,cumulant and its allocation proportion. At the same time the P utilization efficiency and soil P balance under transplanting and direct seeding cultivation modes were researched. The results showed that： transplanting cultivation increased rice actual grain yield by 15. 6% compared to direct seeding cultivation,decreased empty grain yield by184. 0%. The rice yield increased with increasing application rate of P fertilizer under both two cultivation modes. The transplanting cultivation increased rice yield rate range from 64. 6% to 68. 7%,while the direct seeding cultivation ranged from24. 2% to 42. 6%. The effects of P application rates and grain yield were quadratic related significantly（P〈 0. 01）. For the maximum yield P application rate was 158. 5 kg/hm2 and the best economic yield P application rate was 146. 7 kg/hm2 under the transplanting cultivation,which were 11. 42% and 8. 9% lower than direct seeding cultivation. Compared with direct seeding cultivation,the transplanting cultivation increased the grain and N accumulation in shoots by 12. 3% and 12. 01%,reduced the P accumulation rates by 6. 39% and 2. 61%,and increased the K accumulation rates by 11. 67% and 17. 87%,respectively. The N,P,K consumption ratio of grain 100 kg under direct seeding cultivation was 1 ∶ 0. 35 ∶ 0. 6,while under transplanting treatment was 1∶ 0. 30 ∶ 0. 64. The rice P use efficiency,partial factor productivity,agronomic efficiency,and physiological efficiency under transplanting cultivation respectively increased by 17. 4%,8. 6%,38. 4%,4. 6% comparing to the direct seeding cultivation. The P content of rice decreased with the amount of P in excess of 135 kg/hm2 under both cultivation modes. While the apparent balance of P showed as surplus in all P application rates. In conclusion,from the aspects of rice yield,efficiency,recovery rate of P fertilizer and maintaining soil P balance,the P fertilizer application rate for rice which ranged from P2O5146. 7 ~ 158. 5 kg/hm2 under transplanting cultivation and P2O5159. 8 ~ 176. 6 kg/hm2 under direct seeding cultivation in this study could be the appropriate threshold.
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期104-111,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51269025)
宁夏自然科学基金:生物炭对灌淤土磷素迁移
淋失的阻控效应及其生物有效性研究
宁夏农业综合土地开发治理项目(NTKJ-2015-04)
关键词
栽培方式
施磷量
水稻
养分累积与分配
磷平衡
the cultivation mode
amount of phosphorus
rice
nutrient accumulation and distribution
the phosphorus balance
