摘要
基于可持续生计框架,采用统计分析和深度访谈法,将研究区293户农户按生计活动类型划为牧户(牛户、羊户、牛羊户和马户)、种植户和非农户,并按农户生计资产总值进一步划为高、中、低3个等级类型,进而分析了不同类型和不同等级农户的生计资产与生计活动及方式的依存关系。研究发现:各类农户的生计资产均值差距明显,牧户最高,为0.37,种植户为0.25,非农户为0.21;牧户的劳动力、草场、牲畜、现金、贷款等资产均值最高,种植户的农机和耕地资产均值最高,非农户的社会资产均值最高。目前,半农半牧区的农户仍然以旱作种植业和草地畜牧业为主要生计,但农牧业生产均面临较大的资源环境压力;非农户只占15.3%,且面临非农就业机会不足、个人技能缺失、语言障碍和务农时间与用工季节的冲突。最后,提出了提高农户收入和改善农户生计的对策建议。
As it is closely related to the construction of new countryside and building a moderately prosperous society in China, the improvement of rural households＇ livelihood and well-being status in ecological fragile area are of great research significance. Based on the sustainable livelihood framework and the application of statistical analysis and in-depth interviews, we divide the 293 households in the case village into three categories including pastoral households（sheep household, cattle household, cattle and sheep household, horse household）, farm households, and off-farm households. In accordance with the total amount of livelihood assets,they are ranked into three levels： high, medium, and low. And then, the dependence relationship between livelihood assets and strategies of the rural households in different grades and types were analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in mean value of livelihood assets, in which the pastoral household is highest for the value of 0.37. The livelihood assets of farm households and off-farm households are 0.25 and 0.21, respectively. Among them, the mean value of the assets of pastoral household is the highest in the aspects of labor, pasture, livestock, cash and loans. The mean value of farm machinery and cultivated land assets is the highest, while that of cash assets is the lowest of farm households. The off-farm households are with the highest social assets. It can be seen from the results that rural households in farming-pastoral area are still taking the dry farming and animal husbandry as the main livelihood. However, the agricultural and animal husbandry production faces a great pressure from the resources and environment. The off-farm households only occupies 15.3% of the total households, facing problems such as insufficient employment opportunities, lack of personal skills, language barrier and conflicts between farming time and employment time. Finally, the study puts forward the counter measures and suggestions to improve the income and livelihood of the rural households.
出处
《地理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第7期1095-1103,共9页
Scientia Geographica Sinica
基金
国家社科基金项目(15BJL108)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(41001107)
吉林省科技厅项目(20130522061JH)
吉林省教育厅项目(2014B037)
东北师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(QT15002)资助~~
关键词
农户类型
生计资产
生计方式
双榆树嘎查
半农半牧区
内蒙古
household types
livelihood assets
livelihood strategies
Shuangyushu Gaqa
farming-pastoral area
Inner Mongolia
