摘要
雾霾天气已越来越受到关注。通过对北京地区PM2.5状况的空间分析,论证了北京市大气颗粒物污染源为本地源,而不是异地搬运的污染源,即主要来自北京周边无除尘设备的散户燃煤排放及市内生活排放,雾霾的主要成分是有机化合物充分说明这一点;而氮氧化物、二氧化硫排放很少,处于优质水平,说明雾霾与汽车尾气、工业污染关系不大。由此推测,我国北方冬季频发的大面积雾霾,与冬季散户取暖有较大关系。文中还从气象学角度论证了北京冬季霾的形成机理与温室气体水蒸气有较大关系。当昼夜温差较大且白天湿度较大时,凌晨雾的产生及上午大气逆温盖子的形成阻挡了污染的垂向对流扩散,是雾霾形成的决定因素。论文最后对雾霾的控制和治理提出了加强煤改气环保措施、重视生活污染治理的建议。
Smog weather has drawn more and more attention. Results from this paper prove that the atmospheric particulate pollution in the Beijing metropolitan area comes from local rather than remote source based on the spatial analysis of PM2.5 status. It was found that the particulate pollution mainly resulted from coal combustion for winter heating without any dust removal equipment in dispersed households surrounding Beijing as well as urban emissions in Beijing. This observation is explained By the findings that the main components of the smog pollution are organic compounds, and emissions of nitrogen oxides and SOz are very low at a level of good air quality. It illustrates that the pollution has little to do with automobile exhaust or industrial pollution. In comparison, the frequent wide spread smog during winter in northern China correlates closely with the aforementioned household winter heating practice. In this paper, the mechanism of winter smog formation in Beijing is also demonstrated from the meteorology point of view, which shows that there is a close relationship between greenhouse gas related water vapor and smog. The key factors in smog formation in winter, as temperature difference between day and night increases, is fog formation followed by generation of atmosphere temperature inversion layer capping, which leads to stoppage of vertical convection diffusion of pollutants. Finally, it is suggested in this paper that the environmental protection measures of burning natural gas instead of coal should be strengthened for smog control and management.
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期434-442,共9页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41572314)
关键词
雾霾
PM2.5
大气污染
大气逆温
燃煤尘
汽车尾气
工业污染
smog
PM2.5
air pollution
atmosphere temperature inversion
dust of coal burning
automobile exhaust
industrial pollution
