摘要
人类学关于"民族"(nation)的界说,通常会提及共同的语言、风俗、文化传统和历史记忆等要素。但这些要素也都见于"族群"(ethnic groups)。概念史考察表明,"nation"一词是通过一场复杂的话语竞争进入近代欧洲政治语境的。在这个过程中,其意涵的确定受到了现代性国家建构的深刻影响:共同的"地域"被看作是国家的"领土",共同的"语言"是书同文意义的"国语",至于共同的"起源"、"文脉"和"记忆",事实上也通过国家编年史的书写及相关文学表象而得到了重塑。法国大革命《人权宣言》第三条关于国家主权寄托于"民族"的宪法性规定,提供了一个民族论述的经典政治版本。据此,作为政治共同体的"民族"必须基于领土型国家的大空间尺度来定义,而生活在领土型国家范围内的诸多"族群",则只能被理解为文化意义的人群共同体。
The anthropological definition of'nation'usually refers to such elements as a common language,customs,cultural continuity and historical memory.However,these elements are also found in ethnic groups.A survey of the history of this concept indicates that the word'nation'entered early modern European politics through a complex discourse competition.Over time,its definition has been profoundly influenced by the construction of the modern state:a common region was viewed as the state’s'territory'and a common language as a'national language'that was the same across the country,while shared'origins,''cultural context'and'memory'were in fact reshaped through chronicles of state history and related literary representations.The constitutional provision in the third article of the French Revolution’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,which attributes sovereignty to the nation,is the classic political expression of nation discourse. Definition of the nation as a political community must therefore be based on the spatial scale of the territorial state,with the many ethnic groups living within such a state being understood as communities in the cultural sense.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第7期29-48,共20页
Social Sciences in China
基金
教育部重大攻关项目"中国话语体系建设与全球治理研究"(项目编号16JZD008)阶段性成果
