摘要
中国地方税收优惠正处于"一管就死,一放就乱"的两难困局,地方政府也面临着低有效税率与高公共投资的权衡取舍难题。本文新建一个嵌入地方政府借贷行为的理论模型,发现地方税收竞争对区内工业企业利润的影响取决于政府治理能力,"税收天堂"政策只在低治理能力地区才是占优策略。经分组FGLS回归证实,低治理能力地区的税收竞争行为显著提高了区内工业企业利润,高治理能力地区恰好相反。因此,地区间无差别的税收优惠政策并非最优,起点公平容易导致终点不公平。基于全样本的SCC-FE模型和面板门槛模型所做的稳健性回归结果显示,"税收洼地"对工业企业利润的影响仍然存在门槛效应。机制分析发现,相比低治理能力地区,高治理能力地区的公共品对企业边际贡献更大,而当地税收竞争却在更大程度上抑制了公共品增长。进一步地,异质性检验发现了不同所有制、规模、行业的工业企业受益能力的非均等化。以上结论对中国税收优惠垂直分权安排有重要政策含义,建议政府对地方税收优惠以选择性部分授权的方式替代"一刀切"清理或放权。
China is facing a dilemma： should local tax preference be banned or allowed？ It is difficult for local governments to balance low effective tax rate and high public investment. This paper builds a new theoretical model considering local debt, and finds the effect of local tax competition on enterprise profit depends on governance capacity. ＂Tax havens＂ is a dominant strategy only in regions with low governance capacity, and grouped FGLS regressions prove that it can significantly improve industrial enterprise profit, but just the opposite in regions with high governance capacity. Accordingly, it is not the best way to implement the same tax preferences in all regions. The fairness of starting point may lead to unfairness of result. The robustness analyses confirm the existence of above threshold effect, based on SCC-FE model and panel threshold model. By comparison, tax competition in regions with high governance capacity reduces more public goods, which could have brought more profits to enterprises. Furthermore, we find the impact of local tax competition differ from enterprise to enterprise, the reason may be tax discrimination. This study has a strong practical significance for vertical tax decentralization in China. We should authorize some local governments to formulate tax incentives, but not all local governments.
作者
唐飞鹏
TANG Fei-peng(College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第7期99-117,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"税制结构与可持续经济增长:基于地方政府行为的研究"(批准号71573106)
关键词
税收竞争
税收洼地
治理能力
企业利润
门槛效应
tax competition
tax depression
governance capability
enterprise profit
threshold effect
