基于多源空间数据的地质灾害监测预警系统研究——以云南省德钦县为例被引量：14

Implementation of the Geological Hazard Monitoring and Early Warning System Based on Multi-source Spatial Data——a Case Study of Deqin County,Yunnan Province

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摘要三维激光扫描、合成孔径雷达干涉(InSAR)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)、无人机及物联网等新技术为测绘、监测以及早期预警系统(EWS)提供了更丰富的数据源。本文基于上述技术,设计提出了一种针对滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害监测预警系统(GDMEWS)的解决方案。介绍了地质灾害监测预警系统复杂多变的特点,对系统的体系结构、多源空间数据库组成、开发模式、业务逻辑、系统开发的方法及关键技术进行了分析。论文以具有独特的地形地貌、滑坡和泥石流类型众多、典型多样的德钦县为案例区,探讨GDMEWS的体系机构及关键技术。首先,对系统的功能要求,监测及预测模型等进行了讨论;其次,研究了灾前预警、灾中抢险、灾后重建全过程的逻辑关系,开发防灾减灾和地质灾害管理支持工具;再次,阐述了多源监测数据集成方法和地质灾害机理模型的建立。最后,对GDMEWS的研发实现进行了阐述,并说明其在德钦县地灾的全过程实时动态管理、监测和预警中的应用。 The new technologies,such as 3D laser scanning, InSAR, GNSS, unmanned aerial vehicle and Internet of things provide rich data resources for the surveying and monitoring, as well as the development of Early Warning System （EWS）. This paper provides the solutions of the design and implementation of geological disaster monitoring and early warning system （GDMEWS）, which includes landslides and debris flows hazard, based on the multi-sources of the date by use of technologies above mentioned. The complex and changeable characteristics of the GDMEWS are described. The architecture of the system, composition of the multi-source database, development mode and service logic, the methods and key technologies of system development are also analyzed. To elaborate the process of the implementation of the GDMEWS,Deqin Tibetan county is selected as a case study area^ which has the unique terrain and diverse types of typical landslides and debris flows. Firstly, the system functional requirements, monitoring and forecasting models of the system are discussed. Secondly,the logic relationships of the whole process of disaster including pre-disaster, disaster rescue and post-disaster reconstruction are studied^ and the support tool for disaster prevention,disaster reduction and geological disaster management are developed. Thirdly, the methods of the multi-source monitoring data integration and the generation of the mechanism model of geological hazards and simulation are described. GDMEWS will be applied to management, monitoring and forecasting of whole disaster process in real-time and dynamically in Deqin Tibetan county.