摘要
目的识别城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业接触的常见肠杆菌科细菌,分析其危害程度,筛选关键控制点。方法采用现场职业卫生调查法、系统工程分析法、文献复用法、危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)技术,分析城市生活垃圾收集、清理、转运、接收工作场所的常见肠杆菌科细菌危害状况,按照岗位从可能来源,接触的时间、方式和频率,主要危害特性共5个方面描述作业人员的接触特点,确定关键控制因素,筛选关键控制点。结果城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业接触的肠杆菌科细菌以埃希菌属、沙门菌属、志贺菌属常见,在垃圾人工收集、垃圾压缩、吊装操作以及垃圾卸料时均可存在。清运及接收作业全年不间断,工作日内间断与连续作业并存,短时间接触与长时间接触并存。保洁工和转运工直接接触肠杆菌科细菌机会多,作业时间较固定,接触时间相对较短。地磅和卸料指挥作业自动化程度较高,间接接触为主,接触时间长,连续作业居多。将清运作业自动化、密闭、吸附、生物因素监测、职业健康监护、消毒效果监测列为关键控制点,并提出防控对策。结论城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业均可接触埃希菌属、沙门氏菌属、志贺菌属,需要加强生物因素监测、职业健康监护、个人防护和消毒,并进行消毒效果监测。
Objective To identify the common Enterobacteriaceae in the course of municipal solid waste collection, clean- ing, transportation and storage, analyze the occupational hazards they bring in and give some prevention and control meas- ures. Methods Field investigation, engineering analogical method, literature review and hazard analysis and critical control point（HACCP） technology were used to analyze the occupational health hazards of the common Enterobaeteriaeeae in mu- nicipal solid waste collection, cleaning, transportation and storage workplace. According to different job duties, exposure characteristics were described by possible pathogenic bacteria source, exposure duration, exposure modes, exposure frequen- cy and the main hazard characteristics. According to the analysis above, critical control factors were confirmed and critical control points were screened. Results The Escheriehia, Salmonella and Shigella were more common Enterobacteriaeeae in municipal solid waste collection, cleaning, transportation and storage workplace. They could be detected in the course of solid waste collection, mechanical compression, lifting operation and unloading. For the workers, since these tasks must be finished everyday, not only intermittent and continuous operation coexisted, but also the long - term exposure or short - term exposure to Enterobacteriaceae. Cleaning workers and transport workers had more opportunities for Enterobacteriaceae expo- sure directly, and their working time was relatively fixed, the exposure duration were relatively short. Weighing and unloa-ding operation had higher degree of automation and more continuous working time. The main exposure mode of these workers were indirect contact,but they had relatively longer exposure duration. Critical control points were listed, some prevention and control measures were given. Conclusion The Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella are more common Enterobacteri- aceae in municipal solid waste collection, cleaning, transportation and storage workplace. Monitoring of biological hazards, occupational health surveillance, personal protection and disinfection, surveillance for hand disinfection should be strength- ened.
出处
《中国卫生工程学》
CAS
2017年第2期121-124,128,共5页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering
基金
广东省医学科研基金项目(B2014015)
广东省职业病防治重点实验室资助项目(2012A061400007)
广东省化学中毒与核辐射突发事件医学救援应急技术研究中心资助项目(2012A032100002)
广东省科技计划项目(2013B021800177)
东莞市社会科技发展项目(2017507150105337)
关键词
生活垃圾
清运
接收
肠杆菌科
预防
控制
Municipal solid waste
Cleaning
Transportation
Enterobacteriaceae
Prevention
Control
