摘要
目的掌握阿坝州58年麻疹的流行病学特征,为制定有效控制策略提供科学依据。方法对阿坝州不同免疫阶段的麻疹流行病学特征进行分析。结果 58年共报告麻疹132 251例,死亡1 966例。大致可分为5个阶段:疫苗接种前期,年均发病率为941.45/10万,年均死亡率为17.11/10万;疫苗接种初期,年均发病率为625.47/10万,年均死亡率为8.51/10万,发病未得到控制;疫苗接种完善期,发病率和死亡率大幅度下降。年均发病率为52.95/10万,年均死亡率0.36/10万。疫苗接种规范期,年均发病率为22.61/10万,年均死亡率0.09/10万。强化免疫期,年均发病率为9.02/10万,无死亡。表明自有效接种疫苗以后,麻疹发病率和死亡率大幅度下降。结论阿坝州消除麻疹取得了明显进展,但仍存在薄弱地区、薄弱人群。需要扎实地落实消除麻疹策略与措施,以提高适龄儿童麻疹疫苗及时、全程接种率为核心,重点地区开展补充免疫活动,加强麻疹监测,做好麻疹疫情调查与处置,并关注小月龄婴儿和成人易感者在麻疹病毒传播中的作用、探讨针对性的策略与措施。
Objective To explore the prevalence features of measles in Aba prefecture in 58 years and provide the scientific evidence for more effective control and prevention strategy. Methods The epidemic features of measles in different immune stages were analyzed in Aba prefecture. Results There were 132 251 measles cases reported in 58 years with 1 966 death cases. There were 5 stages identified. Pre - vaccination ： average annual incidence rate was 941.45/100 000, average annual mortality rate was 17.11/100 000 ; Initial vaccination ： aver- age annual incidence rate was 625.47/100 000, average annual mortality rate was 8.51/100 000 and the incidence was not under control; completecl vaccination： average annual incidence rate was 52.95/100 000, average annual mortality rate was 0. 36/100 000 and morbidity and mortality were decreased ; Standardization vacci- nation： average annual incidence rate was 22. 61/100 000, the average annual mortality rate was 0.09/100 000; intensive vaccination, the average annual incidence rate was 9.02/100 000 and no case of death. It showed that the measles morbidity and mortality rates were significantly decreased after effective vaccination. Conclusion The measles elimination made significant progress in Aba prefecture, but there were still weak areas and population. It should implement the measles elimination works effectively to improve the children vaccina- tion. In the key areas, it should implement the revaccination, supervision and investigation. Also the infant and susceptible adult should be paid more attention on the prevention works.
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2017年第8期819-822,共4页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
关键词
麻疹
流行状况
分析
measles
prevalence
analysis
