摘要
石窟是佛教建筑艺术的重要空间表现形式,是一种运用空间减地法依山开凿的建筑艺术。石窟建筑形制往往受佛教艺术、地域空间、不同建筑元素和营造技术工艺等多方面的影响,敦煌莫高窟石窟建筑形制也不例外,它在吸收中西不同建筑文化元素的同时,呈现出富有特色的石窟形制风格。通过对敦煌莫高窟建筑形制的调查与统计发现,莫高窟洞窟形制主要包括平顶、盝顶、人字披顶、拱顶、复合人字披顶和覆斗形顶几种基本建筑形制,并以此延伸出更多的石窟形制,形成多种形制并存的石窟建筑艺术,在延绵千年的敦煌石窟建筑形制发展演化过程中,不同时代的石窟建筑形制特征鲜明且互有延承,演化出独特的石窟建筑形制与空间结构的发展脉络。
Grottoes are the very essential space expression form of Buddhist architectural art and they are also the artistic type of buildings made by the method of space reducing. Such different aspects as Buddhist art, regional space, various architectural elements and construction technology usually influenced the architectural forms of grottoes. This is also true of the Mogao caves at Dunhuang. The shapes of Mogao caves assimilated different kinds of architectural cultures and demonstrated their own special styles. Based on statistics of architectural forms of Mogao caves,it＇s found that Mogao caves include such basic forms as flat roof, Lu roof, gabled roof,vault roof, multi-gabled roof and truncated pyramidal ceiling together with other forms,reflecting the fact that the art of grotto architecture containing various forms.In the process of the development of Dunhuang cave forms,different forms reflect different features in different dates features. These different forms showed the trace of heritage and had a special development line in which there evolved unique cave architectural form and spatial structures.
作者
杨赫赫
YANG He-he(History and Culture School, Lanzhou University,Lanzhou, Gansu 730020,China Dunhuang Research Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200, China)
出处
《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2017年第3期68-75,共8页
Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
莫高窟
石窟建筑
形制
Mogao grottoes
grotto architecture
architectural form
