摘要
一国信息化水平的提升能降低其信息要素成本,提升其信息要素禀赋。基于1995—2011年39国信息化和附加值贸易数据的实证研究可知,信息要素的丰富可以通过降低企业的单位生产成本和贸易成本直接促进制造业出口,即要素禀赋效应;也可以通过促进技术创新间接促进制造业出口,即技术创新效应。制造业中,高技术产业的信息要素投入比中、低技术产业更密集,信息化水平提升对前者的出口促进作用大于后者,因此,信息化能增进一国高技术产业出口的比较优势。基于此,我国应把握信息时代赋予的"弯道超车"机遇,进一步推动信息化基础设施建设,保障信息化促进技术创新作用的充分发挥,同时加强适应信息时代的知识产权保护,缩小地区间科技水平的差距。
This paper analyzes whether and how advantage of a country＇s high-tech industries. Informatization may reduce the cost of information elements and enhance the endowment of information elements of a country. The enrichment of information elements may promote manufacturing exports in two ways： Firstly, it will directly reduce the cost of the product per unit by accelerating a firm＇s speed of response, saving the cost of dealing with uncertainty, strengthening the synergy of industrial chains, and reducing the trade cost related to information. This is the Factor Endowment Effect. The second is theTechnological Innovation Effect. It promotes manufacturing exports indirectly through promoting technological innovation by the accumulation of related information factors, human capital and Rg,.D capital. For the manufacturing industry, the information elements of high-tech industries are more intensive than those of the mid-tech and low-tech industries, so that the upgrading of informatization may have a greater impact on high-tech industries, which may advance the comparative advantage of a country＇s high-tech manufacturing industry. The panel data of 39 countries in 1995 - 2011 are used for the empirical analysis. The result shows that, firstly, high-tech industries are 9.28 percent point higher, and mid-tech industries are 0. 91 percent point lower than low-tech industries respectively in information intensity on average. Secondly, the change of a standard deviation of informatization level has a 0.26 standard deviation＇s effect directly on manufacturing export, and a 0. 073 standard deviation＇s effect on it indirectly by increasing R^D expenditure, which suggests that Factor Endowment Effect and Technological Innovation Effect both work, and the former plays a leading role. Thirdly, the impact of the two effects both decline gradually for high-tech, mid-tech and low-tech industries, which proves that informatization may strengthen the comparative advantage of high-tech industries. This paper may contribute to the existing research in the following ways： Firstly, it casts some light on the mechanisms of how informatization may affect manufacturing exports and the comparative advantage of high-tech industries. Secondly, previous researches proved the existence of the effect of informatization on exports, but this research provides experiential evidence for the existence and importance of its two mechanisms. Thirdly, to eliminate the statistical illusion from repeated calculation and the division of the world industry chains, this research used value-added trade data to calculate trade indices, which may be more exact than the previous studies which mainly used customs trade data. Language unification and the large population provide China with a huge network which developed countries do not have, endowing China with rich information resources. With a solid foundation in manufacturing, China has greater capacity to absorb information technology and greater first-mover advantage than other large developing countries in the age of information. China should make use of the wealth of information elements to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industries, especially high-tech industries.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期202-216,共15页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究重大项目(2009JJD790044)
关键词
信息化
高技术产业
比较优势
转型升级
技术创新
informatization
high-tech industry
comparative advantage
transformation andupgrading
technological innovation
