摘要
为了提高环梯形聚苯基硅倍半氧烷(Cyclic Ladder Polyphenylsilsesquioxane,CL-PPSQ)在聚合物中的相容性,使用多种硝化试剂,包括发烟硝酸、HNO_3-H_2SO_4、KNO_3-H_2SO_4、HNO_3-KNO_3、CH_3COOH-KNO_3、(CH_3CO)_2O-HNO_3,在不同的条件下对其进行硝化,制备得到含硝基基团的NO_2-PPSQ。使用FTIR、元素分析、GPC、TGA、~1 H NMR等对硝化产物进行表征。结果表明:发烟硝酸、HNO_3-H_2SO_4、KNO_3-H_2SO_4对CL-PPSQ的硝化能力最强,产物中硝基数目最多,但产物分子量降低,硅氧烷链段发生断裂;而HNO_3-KNO_3和CH_3COOH-KNO_3对CL-PPSQ没有硝化能力;(CH_3CO)_2O-HNO_3硝化过程温和,硝化能力适中,制备得到分子链不断裂的硝化产物。对不同硝化试剂的硝化机理进行了分析,在发烟硝酸、HNO_3-H_2SO_4、KNO_3-H_2SO_4体系中,NO_2^+为硝化活化剂;对于(CH_3CO)_2O-HNO_3体系,CH_3COONO_2为主要的硝化活化剂。
Several nitration reagents including fuming nitric acid, HNO3-H2SO4, KNO3-H2SO4, HNO3-KNO3, CH3COOH-KNO3, （CH3CO）2O-HNO3 were used to nitrate cyclic ladder polyphenylsilsesquioxane （CL-PPSQ） in different conditions in order to enhance the compatibility of the CL-PPSQ in polymers, the NO2-PPSQ was obtained. FTIR, element analysis, GPC, TGA and 1H NMR were used to characterize the structures of the nitrated products. The results show that the nitrating abilities of the fuming nitric acid, HNO3-H2SO4 and KNO3-H2SO4 are very strong. Many nitro groups can be linked with phenyl groups in CL-PPSQ, but with low molecular mass, fracture occurs in siloxane segment. However, the Mn of the product NO2-PPSQ sharply drops by 50% compared with that of CL-PPSQ, so the nitration reagents can break the cyclic structure of CL-PPSQ. The nitrating reagents of HNO3-KNO3 and CH3COOH-KNO3 have no nitration effects on CL-PPSQ. At last, NO2-CL-PPSQ was prepared using （CH3CO）2O-HNO3 because of the moderate nitration process and ability. The cyclic structure of PPSQ is remained, although the number of —NO2 group is not too much. At the same time, the nitration mechanism using different nitration reagents was analyzed. A certain amount of NO2＋, which is a kind of activator owning strong nitration ability, can be found in the fuming nitric acid and H2SO4-HNO3（KNO3） systems. As to the （CH3CO）2O-HNO3 system, the main activator is CH3COONO2.
作者
梁嘉香
何吉宇
齐祉
范海波
杨荣杰
LIANG Jia-xiang HE Ji-yu QI Zhi FAN Hai-bo YANG Rong-jie(National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science ＆ Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
出处
《材料工程》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期64-70,共7页
Journal of Materials Engineering
基金
航空科学基金重点实验室类资助项目(20135272007)
关键词
聚苯基硅倍半氧烷
硝化反应
硝酸
硫酸
乙酸酐
polyphenylsilsesquioxane nitration nitric acid sulfuric acid acetic anhydride
