摘要
1972春首次从甘蓝型油菜波里马中发现19个天然不育株。根据育性对温度的敏感情况,可把35个波里马不育材料分为高温不育型(占62.9%)、低温不育型(占28.6%)和稳定型(占8.5%)等三个类型。其对温度敏感与否,决定于保持系。也就是说,主要决定于细胞核,而不是细胞质。通过大量测交筛选保持系,可育成稳定的波里马不育系。甘蓝型、白菜型、芥菜型油莱都存在有波里马不育胞质的恢复基因,说明恢复基因可能存在于A组染色体上。通过显性程度和优势指数的分析,波里马不育系杂种各性状,普遍存在着显著的杂种优势,其中尤以单株产量和全株果数最突出。波里马不育胞质对F1主要经济性状、生育期及菌核病的病情指数均无不良影响。本文还提出油菜三系选育与油菜的起源进化有密切关系的论点,并进行了讨论。
According to the sensitivity of male sterility to temperature, 35 polima CMS lines were divided into three groups: ( 1 ) high temperature CMS line ( 62.9% ) ; ( 2 ) low temperature CMS line ( 28.6%) ; ( 3 ) stable CMS line ( 8.5%). THe temperature sensitivity of polima CMS depends critically on the genotypes of the maintainers. This means that it is possible to breed stable polima CMS lines. The devepoment of winter rapeseed CMS line is more difficult than that of spring rapeseed CMS line. The restoring genes ( Rf ) of polima CMS were found in B. napus, B. juncea, B. campestris, suggesting that the Rf gene exist on the 'aa' chromosome. The heterosis of polima CMS hybrids is significent and common in some characters tested especially in the plant seed yield and number of siliqua per plant. Cytoplasm of polima did not have adverse effectson the F_1 characters tested. The author suggest that the success in development of CMS 'three lines' is closely related to the origin and evolution of rapeseed, and it may be relatively easy to find CMS and its restorers in the centers of origin and nearby, and to find maintainer in regions far from the original centers.
出处
《华中农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1989年第3期201-207,共7页
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University
关键词
甘蓝型
油菜
不育系
选育
雄性
cytoplasmic male sterility of B.napus
sensitivity to temperature
index of heterosisvcytoplasmic effect
origin and evolution
