摘要
本文讨论的负面评价的规约化是指,负面评价解读难以从其构成成分的意义直接获得的现象。词汇性负面评价的规约化有两种手段:1)词序手段。通过句首分布成为饰句副词。2)复合构词。通过复合构词实现言者评价表达的规约化,如"X是"复合词。有些负面评价是通过特定构式表达的。从规约化程度来看,负面评价构式可以分为词汇构式和语法构式两类。词汇构式只具极有限的可替换性和极低的能产性,俗语化程度高;而语法构式具有一定的可替换性和能产性。负面评价表达的规约化程度与其句法分布和话语分布密切相关。评价解读对语境的依赖程度在一定程度上体现了其规约化程度差异。对会话序列依赖较强的构式规约化程度相对最低。构式意义的产生有特定句法环境中的语境吸收,也有对其会话环境的语用意义的吸收。因此,应将会话序列纳入构式化语境的考察视野,对于由语境诱发的重新解释现象的分析也应充分关照到会话序列这一语境因素。
Conventionalization is the first step in grammaticalization, in which a particular syntactic structure comes to be regularly used to do a particular job. Some authors use this term interchangeably with idiomatization, in the latter case of which a particular form or construction comes to be used routinely to express a particular meaning or function. With a functionalinteractional approach, this paper discusses the conventionalization of negative assessment expressions in Chinese conversation. It suggests that there are two ways involved in terms of individual utterance, sentence adverbial expressions and compound formations. A negative assessment can be represented as a sentence adverb or a construction which frequently comes from imperative sentence and rhetorical sentence occurring in different sequence organization with decategorialization. Some of these negative stance-taking constructions prefer sequence initial position like preface, and others occur as responsive assessment in context-induced reinterpretation. Therefore, the conversational organizations can be considered as a context of constructionalization.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期131-147,共17页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
国家社科基金重点项目"汉语语用标记形成机制的多视角研究"(14AYY015)的部分成果
关键词
负面评价
规约化
会话组织
构式化语境
立场表达
由语境触发的重新分析
negative assessment
conventionalization
conversational organization
context of constructionalization
stance-taking
context-induced reinterpretation
