摘要
目的分析比较贵州省城乡监测点乙型肝炎(乙肝)血清流行病学情况及感染模式,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2006年、2014年在5个城乡监测点对1-29岁常住人口开展乙肝血清标志物检测和接种率调查,对数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2014年乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率为2.17%(标化值2.76%)低于2006年的3.42%(标化值5.07%);乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)阳性率为55.15%(标化值47.49%),高于2006年的46.11%(标化值36.32%)。有乙肝疫苗(HepB)接种史的人群HBsAg阳性率低于无接种史人群,而前者HBs Ab阳性率高于后者。随着新生儿HepB接种率逐年升高,HBsAg阳性率、HBsAg和乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)双阳率呈下降趋势。农村地区HBsAg阳性率高于城市。1992年以后农村、在家出生和在乡村医院出生人群HepB首剂及时接种率分别低于城市、医院出生、县级及以上医院出生儿童。结论贵州省Hep B接种提高了人群乙肝免疫水平,显著降低了乙肝感染。应开展青少年Hep B查漏补种,加强农村地区以及乡村医院出生新生儿HepB及时接种工作。
Objective To determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus（HBV） among a healthy population in urban and rural monitoring sites of Guizhou province,and to provide evidence for improving strategies for hepatitis B prevention and control.Methods A multi-stage cluster randomized sampling method was used to assess serological markers of HBV and coverage with hepatitis B vaccine（HepB） among people aged 1-29 years in urban and rural monitoring sites of Guizhou.Results The positivity rate of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg） was 2.17%（adjusted：2.76%） in 2014,lower than 3.42%（adjusted：5.07%） that was seen in 2006.The positivity rate of hepatitis B antibody（HBsAb） in 2014 was 55.15%（adjusted：47.49%）,higher than the 46.11%（adjusted：36.32%） seen in 2006.The HBsAg positivity rate among subjects who received HepB was lower than among those who did not receive HepB;the HBsAb positivity rate in the former group was higher than in the latter group.The HBsAg positivity rate and the HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen（HBe Ag） positivity rate decreased with increasing HepB coverage.The HBsAg positivity rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas.After 1992,the respective immunization coverage of a timely first-dose of HepB was lower among subjects born in rural areas,at home,or in township/village hospitals than among those born in urban areas,in hospitals,or in county level or above hospitals.Conclusions HepB immunization significantly improved population immunity and reduced HBV infection.We suggest conducting an immunization activity with HepB for adolescents who missed HepB vaccination as infants,and strengthening the timely HepB vaccination of infants in rural areas and township/village hospitals.
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
北大核心
2017年第1期41-44,共4页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
乙型肝炎
血清流行病学
接种率
Hepatitis B
Seroprevalence
Immunization coverage
