摘要
具有休眠特性的种子如何顺利地经过后熟过程正常萌发,是到目前为止学者一直探究的问题。综述了种子休眠和萌发过程中激素、酶、可溶性糖和脂肪的动态变化,以及这些有机物质和环境条件对种子萌发的影响。脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)是调控种子休眠与萌发的一对拮抗内源激素,生长素(IAA)对萌发没有明显的影响,但间接影响种胚的发育和其他激素水平。葡萄糖六磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)是TCA循环和PPP途径的关键酶,其活性变化对种子完成后熟有关键性作用;淀粉酶活性的变化决定了种胚中淀粉的含量。在萌发过程中,种子新陈代谢开始旺盛,大量利用可溶性糖和脂肪,它们之间可以相互转化。环境条件中温度和含水量是种子萌发的关键因素,种子休眠与萌发可通过温度来调控,低温层积有利于打破种子休眠,完成后熟,为种子的萌发奠定物质基础。
It is a problem that researchers have tried to solve about how seeds having dormancy character smoothly accomplish after-ripening and regularly germinate. Effects of content dynamic changes of hormones, enzymes, soluble sugar, fat, and the environmental conditions on seed dormancy and germination in recent years are summarized in the article. Abscisic acid（ABA）and gibberellic acid（GA）are antagonistic endogenous hormones which regulate seed dormancy and germination. Auxin（IAA）has no obvious effect on germination, but it has indirect effect on embryo development and other hormone levels. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase（G-6-PDH）is the key of TCA cycle and the PPP approach. The activity change of G-6-PDH plays a key role in seed after-ripening. The changes of amylase activity determine the starch content in the embryo. In the process of germination, the metabolism of seeds begins to be exuberant and makes use of much soluble sugar and fat that can mutual transform between each other. Temperature and moisture in the environment are key factors for seed germination. The dormancy and germination of seeds can be controlled by temperature. Low temperature stratification promotes seed dormancy breaking and completing after-ripening and lays substance foundation for germination of seeds.
出处
《山西农业科学》
2017年第3期477-481,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
关键词
种子
休眠
内源激素
酶活性
可溶性糖
温度
seed
dormancy
endogenous hormone
enzyme activity
soluble sugar
temperature
