摘要
外泌体是由细胞主动分泌的一种大小约为40~100nm,具有脂质双分子层膜结构的小囊泡。肿瘤细胞在其发生、发展的过程中会不断释放肿瘤特异的外泌体到胞外,并可通过其携带的肿瘤细胞的DNA、RNA及蛋白质等生物物质参与调节血管生成、免疫反应及成纤维化等一系列生理活动来催化肿瘤微环境生态。尽管目前外泌体明确的生理作用仍然未知,其生物合成原理、释放及摄入的规律也不明,但其在肿瘤诊断与治疗中已经展现出巨大的潜能:在体液中分离出肿瘤来源的外泌体,分析其中携带的特异性生物标志物,有望成为一种无创的肿瘤诊断与监控的方法;在生物学上阻断肿瘤释放外泌体在转移前微环境中的互动,一定意义上能抑制肿瘤的转移能力;也可开发成一种具有人源性、脂融性、靶向性的生物纳米药物。
Exosomes are defined as nanovesicles with 40 ～100nm in diameter, which are actively released from cells and consist of a bilayer lipid membrane. Exosomes can be secreted by tumor cells during tumor progression and metastasis. Exosome plays a role in communication for informa-tion between primary tumor lesion and pre-metastatic niche in the targeted-organs via its packed proteins, mi RNAs or other molecules, which facilitates tumor progression and metastasis. Although the secretory mechanisms and biological functions of tumor-associated exosomes are still unclear,the application of exosomes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets might be promising： the isolation and detection of circulating tumor-associated exosome may serve as biomarkers in ＂liquid biopsy＂ for diagnosis and monitoring in cancer patients; the blockage of tumor exosome secretion may inhibit tumor metastasis.
出处
《中国肿瘤》
CAS
CSCD
2017年第3期190-195,共6页
China Cancer
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0901400-05)
国家自然科学基金(81402117)
浙江省自然科学基金(LY17H160043)
浙江省钱江人才计划(QJD1602025)
浙江省卫生科技计划(2015111814)
关键词
外泌体
肿瘤
生物标志物
肿瘤微环境
诊断
治疗
exosome
tumor
biomarkers
tumor microenvironnement
diagnosis
treatment
