摘要
目的了解沂南县儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率影响因素,为今后预防接种工作制定工作策略提供参考。方法全县共计15个乡镇全部开展调查,每个乡镇采用整群随机抽样方法抽取5个村,共调查2009年9月1日—2011年8月31日出生儿童42名,对影响免疫规划疫苗接种率的原因和家长进行面对面一问一答形式完成。结果全县共计调查儿童630名(其中2岁组儿童337名,3岁组儿童293名),免疫规划疫苗未全程接种的为209名,其中家长不知道儿童需要及时接种的占53.11%(111/209);孩子生病暂缓接种的占25.36%(53/209);父母太忙,家中无人带孩子去接种的占7.18%(15/209);因接种禁忌,接种单位不予接种的占4.78%(10/209);家长不信任预防接种或担心异常反应的占2.87%(6/209);接种单位未预约或通知的占2.39%(5/209);接种单位搭配接种二类收费疫苗,家长拒绝接种的占2.39%(5/209);家长认为接种时间不合适占1.44%(3/209);孩子外出不在家的占0.48%(1/209);接种疫苗时孩子哭,家长心疼,不给孩子接种的占0.48%(1/209)。结论影响免疫规划疫苗接种率的主要原因是:家长对儿童接种疫苗认识不足,重视程度不够;儿童生病,导致接种疫苗推迟。要加大预防接种知识的宣传,提高儿童家长对免疫预防的认知水平。
Objective： To analyze influencing factors for the children immunization coverage rate of EPI vaccine in Yinan County,Shangdong Province,and provide references for the future planning of the vaccination strategy. Methods： For each township,the research analyzed 42 children born between Sept. 1,2009 and Aug. 31,2011 from 5 villages selected by cluster sampling and the research was conducted in the total of 15 townships in Yinan county. The research was mainly conducted through face to face interview with the parents of these children. Results： Of all the 630 children under the investigation（ 337 from the group of two-year old and 293 from the group of 3-year old）,209 children failed to complete the fullcourse EPI vaccination,among whom 53. 11% were due to parents＇ ignorance of the significance of vaccination（ 111/209）;25. 36% were due to children＇s temporary sickness（ 53/209）; 7. 18% were due to a busy schedule of the parents（ 15/209）; 4. 78% were due to vaccination contraindications（ 10/209）; 2. 87% were due to the distrust or worry of the vaccinal reaction（ 6/209）; 2. 39% were due to the failure of receiving the vaccination notice（ 5/209）; 2. 39% were due to the binding Type II vaccines that are not free（ 5/209）; 1. 44% were due to the improper time arrangement（ 3/209）; 0. 48%were due to the absence of the child（ 1/209）,and 0. 48% were due to the concern for child＇s cry during the vaccination（ 1/209）. Conclusion： The major influencing factors for the children immunization coverage rate of EPI vaccine consist in parents＇ ignorance of the significance of vaccination and children＇s temporary sickness. Therefore,it is a must to publicize vaccination knowledge and enhance parents＇ understanding of vaccination.
作者
庄绪香
王如德
ZHUANG Xu-xiang WANG Ru-de(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yinan County, Yinan 276300,Chin)
出处
《泰山医学院学报》
CAS
2016年第11期1235-1237,共3页
Journal of Taishan Medical College
关键词
儿童免疫规划疫苗
接种率
影响因素
EPI vaccine
immunization coverage rate of EPI vaccine
influencing factors
