摘要
如何在有限的水土保持投资下,将不同类型的水土保持措施合理地空间配置,以期充分发挥生态、经济和社会等综合效益,使水土保持措施的空间优化配置涉及多目标优化,选择合理可行的求解多目标优化问题的方法,已成为研究重点。本文以福建省红壤区土壤侵蚀严重的长汀县为研究区,以2012年水土流失区作为水土保持措施适宜性的评价对象,在封禁措施适宜性评价的基础上,将研究区划分为生态自然修复区和人工辅助治理区。以投入成本最小化、生态效益最大化以及适宜度最大化为目标函数,在人工辅助治理区内,构建水土保持措施空间优化配置模型,采用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II),进行模型的求解,最终得到水土保持措施空间优化配置方案,并结合2013—2015年水土流失实际治理情况,进行分析验证。从优化结果显示,在政府投入资金一定的情况下,水土保持措施空间布局会朝着产生的生态效益最大化和空间分布适宜度最大化的方向发展。优化配置结果与实际治理情况在大部分区域内,水土保持措施空间分布较一致,吻合度为73.62%。研究结果表明,随着进化代数的增加,基于NSGA-II算法的水土保持措施优化配置的优化效果明显,优化配置方案可行有效,可为政府实施水土保持措施空间配置提供决策依据。
[Background] Configuring different types of measures reasonably in space to produce the comprehensive benefits in ecological,economic and social aspect under limited investment of soil and water conservation has become a hot research. Furthermore,solving the multi-objective optimal problem is the key because the optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures in space refers to multiobjective. [Methods] This research focused on the area of Chanting County,Fujian Province of which soil is being serious eroded. The soil and water loss area in 2012 was as evaluation object of suitability of soil and water conservation measures. The study area was divided into the area of ecological natural restoration and artificial auxiliary control based on the suitability assessment of the enclosing measures.This paper constructed an optimal allocation model of water and soil conservation measures in space withthe aim of minimum investment,maximum ecological benefits and maximum suitability in the artificial auxiliary management area,and adopted a fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm（ NSGA-II） to solve the model in order to screen out the best program. Moreover,the experimental results were verified and analyzed by using the reality of soil and water erosion control between 2013 and 2015. [Results]According to the optimized allocation results,the spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures was directed by the maximization of ecological benefits and the maximization of suitability of spatial distribution in the case of stationary government investment funds. Calculating the investment cost,ecological benefits and suitability of optimization allocation layout and actual spatial layout of soil and water conservation measures,the results were as follow： the investment cost of actual layout was6. 964 5 × 10^7,the ecological benefits of actual layout was 7. 908 0 × 10^3,and the suitability of actual layout was 1. 953 3 × 10^4. However,the investment cost of optimized allocation layout was 6. 579 1 ×10^7,the ecological benefits of optimized allocation layout was 7. 907 3 × 10^3,and the suitability of optimized allocation was 2. 054 1 × 10^4. It was found that the optimal allocation layout was significantly improved in terms of investment cost and suitability compared to the actual space layout of soil and water conservation measures. The reason that the ecological benefits were reduced was that the decrease of the invested cost inevitably led to the reduction of the ecological benefits. Moreover,the spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures between optimal allocation and actual space layout was similar in most of regions,and the degree of similarity was 73. 62%. [Conclusions]With the increase of evolution generation,the effect of optimal allocation of soil and water conservation based on NSGA-II algorithm was obvious,and the optimal allocation layout was reasonable and practicable,which can offer the decisionmaking basis for government implementing soil and water conservation measures.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期114-124,共11页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目"南方红壤水土保持评估与决策"(2013BAC08B02)
福建省教育厅科技项目"基于遗传算法的福建红壤区水土保持措施优化配置研究"(JK2014004)
福建省教育厅科技项目"福建红壤区水土保持措施格局的特征尺度识别研究"(JA15070)
关键词
水土保持措施
空间优化配置
适宜性评价
NSGA-II算法
福建省长汀县
soil and water conservation measures
optimal spatial allocation
suitability assessment
NSGA-II algorithm
Changting County of Fujian Province
