摘要
为四川盆地农业生产模式转型提供理论依据,采用双因素试验研究水稻-榨菜(RV)、水稻-冬闲(RF)和水稻-小麦(RW)3种轮作体系(以下简称3种体系)4种减量施肥养分管理方式(缺氮、缺磷、优化施肥及农民常规施肥)对水稻分蘖、干物质积累和产量形成的影响。结果表明:3种体系适当减量施肥均可减少无效分蘖,改善水稻群体质量,控制水稻齐穗前期干物质的积累,增加齐穗后干物质和养分积累,在显著降低水稻氮肥施用量的前提下增加水稻的产量。其中,优化施肥处理3种体系的分蘖数分别较缺氮处理提高32.7%、37.2%和54.8%;在水稻-冬闲和水稻-小麦两种轮作体系中,优化施肥较农民常规施肥无效分蘖分别减少29.7%和22.13%;成熟期的干物质积累量较农民常规施肥处理分别提高8.4%、114.6%和41.4%;3种轮作体系优化施肥处理产量均最高,分别为9 292kg/hm2、7 389kg/hm2和6 741kg/hm2,较农民习惯处理分别提高15.9%、10.8%和11.6%。
To provide the theoretical basis for agricultural production model transition in Sichuan Basin,the authors conducted experiments of four fertilization methods（nitrogen deficiency,phosphate deficiency,optimum fertilization and farmer＇s fertilization practice）to study the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer application on tiller,dry matter accumulation and yield components of rice based on different rotation systems（Rice Vegetable,Rice Fallow and Rice Wheat）.Results：Appropriate reducing fertilization could reduce the occurrence of ineffective tillering and improve quality of rice population.At the same time,it could control the accumulation rate of dry matter in the early growth stage of rice and increase the dry matter and nutrient accumulation in the late heading stage to increase yield under the premise of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer.Compared to nitrogen deficiency treatment,optimum fertilization increased tiller numbers by 32.7%,37.2% and 54.8% in RV,RF and RW during mature stage,respectively.In rice-fallow and rice-wheat rotation,compared to farmer＇s fertilization practice,optimum fertilization reduced the occurrence of ineffective tiller of 29.7%and 22.13%.In addition,it also improved dry matter weight after heading by 8.4%,114.6% and 41.4% in different rotation,respectively.Yields of optimum fertilization treatment was the highest in three rotation systems which were 9 292kg/hm^2,7 389kg/hm^2 and 6 741kg/hm^2 and was higher than farmer＇s fertilization practice treatment by 15.9%,10.8% and 11.6%,respectively.
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2016年第11期77-82,共6页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"四川盆地不同轮作制度净温室效应研究"(31471944)
中央高校学科团队基金项目"三峡库区化肥减施增效技术创新与集成"(2362015xk06)
关键词
水稻
轮作
施肥
分蘖
干物质积累
产量
rice
rotation systems
fertilization
tillering
dry matter accumulation
yield
