摘要
针对土壤中石油污染问题,综述了石油类污染物的分类及其进入土壤后的迁移转化过程,指出前处理是土壤中石油烃测定的关键。列表对比了土壤中常见石油类污染物萃取方法的优缺点。目前,常用萃取技术包括:索氏提取、超声萃取、微波萃取、超临界萃取技术、加压流体萃取以及超声索氏联合萃取技术,其中联合萃取技术效果好、省时且回收率较高,可作为今后的主要研究方向。指出溶剂选择是前处理的关键,绿色、低毒或无毒萃取溶剂是萃取剂选择和开发的发展方向。同时还针对土壤中石油烃检测技术的优点及其适用范围进行比较,红外对土壤中石油烃总量的测定以及色谱联用技术对石油烃各组分测定具有一定优势,方法较为成熟。
In this work,aiming at the problem of petroleum contaminated soil. The migration and transformation process of petroleum pollutants and classification are reviewed and pointed out that after entering into the soil,pretreatment is the key of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil samples. The list of advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used extraction methods of petroleum pollutants in soil. The commonly used extraction techniques include： Soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction,microwave extraction,supercritical extraction,pressurized fluid extraction and ultrasonic extraction Soxhlet extraction technology,which combined with good effect,time saving and high recovery rate,can be used as the main research directions in the future. It is pointed out that the solvent selection is the key to the pretreatment,green,low toxic or non-toxic solvent extraction agent is the direction of development the selection and development. This work also compares the advantages of the detection technology of oil hydrocarbon in soil and its application scope,the infrared on the testing of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil,and the chromatographic technique has the advantage of the determination of petroleum hydrocarbon components,and the method is more mature.
出处
《化学试剂》
CAS
北大核心
2016年第11期1071-1076,1080,共7页
Chemical Reagents
基金
乌鲁木齐市科技局应用开发研究计划资助项目(Y141310018)
关键词
石油类
总烃
迁移转化
前处理
petroleum
total hydrocarbons
migration and transformation
pretreatment
