摘要
近些年,中国大陆也兴起新文化史译介热,但仍存在一些容易引起误会和争议的问题。本文对此进行了回顾反思,指出新文化史本身汲取了很多理论成果,这可以让史家更加谨慎地对待自己的工作,更加谨慎地展示自己的发现,更加谨慎地对待各种分析框架和研究典范。而在当下的西方,新文化史已经有统摄整个历史研究领域之势,它也同更多的相邻学科发生了密切关系,一个新文化史研究的国际化潮流已经出现,但由此也产生了"文化"的定义到底为何及其同社会的关系怎样、新文化史研究的碎片化等问题。"文化"或许并不能独立于物质、经济或社会因素之外而发挥作用,新文化史家必须在文化之外深化对社会和经济因素作用的认识,同时博采众长、吐故纳新,借鉴与吸收其他学科的理论和成果,采取更为复杂的历史叙事,避免将文化泛化和走入历史研究碎片化的误区。不过,目前大家所乐道的中国语境中的碎片化问题,其实是低水平重复的问题,并非新文化史语境中的碎片化问题。目下我们的新文化史实证研究虽然取得一些进展,但总体上看,仍系对外来刺激的追随和模仿,并非为内在学术理路发展的水到渠成,故此存在诸多耳食肤受、不求甚解的情况,尚缺乏深厚的研究基础与学术积淀,可待改善与提高之处甚多。
In recent years,new cultural history has been intensely introduced in China mainland while some problems remain to be clarified. This article points out that new cultural history itself has already drawn on certain theories,which enables historians to treat their research deliberately and be critical about various analytical frameworks and paradigms. In current Western academia,while new cultural history has seemingly occupied a dominant position in the field of history and become closely associated with adjacent subjects,some problems arise along with the international trend of new cultural history. This paper argues that ＂culture＂may not be able to exert influence beyond material,economic and societal context,which requires historians to reach a deep understanding of economic and societal elements and absorb theories of related fields so to adopt more-refined historical narratives,avoiding going on a path of generalization of culture and fragmentation of history research. The so-called fragmentation problem in Chinese context is actually a problem of repetitive work at a low level,instead of a fragmentation problem in the context of new cultural history. Admittedly,some empirical works have emerged： it is solely an imitation of Western works instead of a natural development following its inner logic,which leads to lots of misunderstandings and puzzles.
作者
张仲民
ZHANG Zhong-min(Department of History, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Chin)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期13-20,共8页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"‘卫生’的生意--卫生与晚清的消费文化"(项目批准号:11YJC770089)的阶段性成果
关键词
新文化史
理论
文化
碎片化
new cultural history
theory
culture
fragmentation
