摘要
为了评价太湖地区直湖港小流域水蜜桃园土壤肥力状况,指导科学施肥,以直湖港小流域内4个乡镇为研究区域,采集该地区典型水蜜桃园土壤样本,对其主要物化性质进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)直湖港小流域水蜜桃园耕层土壤酸化严重,88.0%的地块pH值介于3.4~5.4,其中33.7%的地块呈强酸性;(2)耕层土壤电导率平均值为317.6μS·cm^(-1),变异系数63.4%,其中11.7%超过了作物生育障碍的临界点;(3)该地区粘粒含量随着土壤深度的加深有逐渐增加的趋势,66.7%的耕层土壤为粉质壤土,20~60cm土壤质地偏粘,影响水分下渗和桃树根系下扎;(4)耕层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、有效钾含量高,平均分别为37.7、2.5、0.6、0.3、0.6 g·kg^(-1),上述指标分别有40.7%、75.8%、13.7%、92.3%和90.4%的地块高于全国第二次土壤普查分级的标准中很丰富的最高级别。研发并施用水蜜桃专用控释复合肥,合理配施有机肥料并适当增加施肥深度,可以保证太湖地区直湖港小流域水蜜桃园节肥高效稳产,减缓土壤酸化和周边水体富营养化污染等环境压力。
In order to evaluate soil fertility and guide scientific fertilization in juicy peach orchards in Zhihu Harbor watershed of Tai Lake re-gion, soil samples in four towns were collected for the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that soil acidifica-tion existed in 88.0% of research area in the watershed of Zhihu Harbor with p H from 3.4 to 5.4 and strong soil acidification was over 33.7%.The average value of electrical conductivity in plow layer soils was 317.6 μS·cm^（-1） with the variable coefficient at 63.40%, and it was above the critical value of plant inbreed electrical conductivity barrier in 11.7% of the research area. The soil clay content increased with the soil depth. 66.7% silt loam was in the plow layer soil in total cultivated area. Similar clay soil in 20^60 cm soil layer affected the penetrations of root and leakage water. The average value of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassi-um in the plow layer soil were 37.7, 2.5, 0.6, 0.3 g·kg^（-1） and 0.6 g·kg^（-1）, respectively. In addition, 40.7%, 75.8%, 13.7%, 92.3% and 90.4% of research area were above the value of highest soil fertility standard in the 2nd National Soil Survey for soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium, respectively. It is necessary to develop special controlled release compound fer-tilizers, and to apply organic fertilizers with a deeper application to reduce the risk of eutrophication pollution and soil acidification while maintaining the fruit production in peach orchards in the watershed of Zhihu Harbor.
出处
《农业资源与环境学报》
CAS
2016年第6期525-532,共8页
Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
基金
农业部"948"重点项目(2011-G30)
史丹利功能性生物肥料基金(380075
380076
380178)
土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室联合研发基金(380123)
关键词
直湖港小流域
水蜜桃园
土壤肥力
watershed of Zhihu Harbor
juicy peach orchard
soil fertility
