摘要
目的了解宜昌市近年来18岁以下人群疫苗针对呼吸道传染病的流行特征,为制定免疫策略提供科学依据。方法收集2005—2014来宜昌市麻疹、流行性腮腺炎、风疹、流脑、流感疫情资料,用描述流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。结果宜昌市2005—2014间共报告18岁以下人群麻疹、流腮、风疹、流脑、流感疫苗针对疾病17 532例,年均发病率依次为:0.17/10万、3.38/10万、0.25/10万、0.003/10万、0.48/10万;麻疹、流脑流行类型为散在发生,流行性腮腺炎、风疹、流行性感冒以暴发出现;各年间报告发病数差别较大,呈季节性分布,不同年份发生强度不尽相同,但近年来发病总体呈下降趋势;地区分布差异除流脑外有统计学意义(P均<0.01);人群特征分布上差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),男性平均发病率高于女性(男性发病率依次为:麻疹0.20/10万、流腮3.91/10万、风疹0.27/10万、流脑0.006/10万、流感0.53/10万;女性发病率依次为:麻疹0.14/10万、流腮2.71/10万、风疹0.22/10万、流脑0.001/10万、流感0.41/10万),麻疹发病集中在<3岁的婴幼儿及中学生。结论宜昌市疫苗针对性五种呼吸道传染病的控制效果不同,各年间发生数变化较大,需进一步加强宣传教育普及呼吸道传染病防治知识,提高未成年人疫苗接种率,有效建立人群免疫屏障,控制针对性疾病的发生率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases（vaccine-preventable diseases）in the population under 18 years old in Yichang City,so as to provide the evidence for developing the immunization strategy. Methods The data of epidemic situation of minor’s measles,popular parotitis,rubella,epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,and influenza were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method in Yichang City ,2005-2014. Results A total of 17 532 cases of respiratory tract infectious diseases（vaccine-preventable diseases）were reported in the population under 18 years old,and the average annual incidence rate was 0.17/100 000,3.38/100 000, 0.25/100 000, 0.003/100 000, 0.48/100 000, respectively. Measles and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis（epidemic type）were scattered but epidemic parotitis,rubella,and flu presented outbreaks. The incidence rates and intensities of these diseases each year were different,but in recent years,the incidence rates of the diseases were decreasing. Regional distribution differences except external meningitis were statistically significant （P〈0.01）; There were statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the population （P〈0.01）. The average incidence of the male was higher than that of the female（male incidence rate was as follows： measles for 0.20/100 000, mumps for 3.91/100 000, rubella for 0.27/100 000, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis for 0.006/100 000, influenza for 0.53/100 000; female incidence rate was as follows： the measles for 0.14/100 000, mumps for 2.71/100 000, rubella for 0.22/100 000, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis for 0.001/100 000, influenza for 0.41/100 000）,and the incidence of measles was concentrated in the infants aged 〈3 years and middle school students. Conclusion The effects of the control of five respiratory infectious diseases（vaccine-preventable diseases）are different in Yichang City,and the incidence of each year is also different. The health education of the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases should be strengthened and the vaccination rate should also be enhanced.
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
2016年第8期799-802,共4页
China Tropical Medicine
关键词
疫苗
呼吸道传染病
流行
Vaccine
Respiratory infectious disease
Epidemic
