摘要
基于景观生态学理论,借助多时相遥感数据与GIS空间分析技术,运用"压力-状态-响应(pressstate-response,PSR)"模型,构建岩溶地区城市景观生态安全评价体系,通过空间叠加分析得到2000年和2013年贵阳市城市生态安全等级分布图,并就其空间分布规律与演化特征进行了对比分析,结果表明:2000年、2013年贵阳市城市生态安全指数均较低,2000年处于安全级别以上的值为3.04,2013年处于安全级别以上的值下降到1.78,在空间分布上呈西南向东北递增的趋势;在2000-2013年间,景观生态安全指数除湿地以外其他景观类型均呈现明显的下降趋势,其中农田恶化较为明显,湿地是唯一改善的景观类型。研究时段内贵阳市景观生态安全状况处于恶化趋势,因而建议在今后的城市规划与建设中应优化土地利用格局,以提高城市景观生态安全水平。
Accelerated urbanization and high-intensity exploitation of resources have brought serious impact on the natural ecosystem and the quality of urbanization. Previous studies on this issue focus on grasslands, watersheds, wetlands, and mountains, while the ecological vulnerable karst regions receive little attention. At the same time, the selected indicators are based on statistical data which ignore the spatial differentiation characteristics, which is not favorable to regional comparative studies rand lacks visualization effects. Guiy- ang, the capital city of Guizhou Province, located in a typical karst region, is an ideal area for this research, because ecological environments, rocky desertification and severe degradation characterize in this city. Be- sides, the city lacks arable land and has high population pressure and extensive pattern of economic develop- ment, forcing the urbanization process to accelerate and in turn increase the urban ecological security threat. This study is based on the theory of landscape ecology, using the ＂pressure-state-response （PSR）＂ model to build an urban landscape ecological security evaluation system of karst areas. The evaluation indexes include population pressure, urban sprawl, vegetation fractional coverage, the degree of rocky desertification, habi- tat quality index, urban heat-island effect and natural hazards. By comparing and analyzing the spatial distri bution and evolution characteristics using multi-temporal of remote sensing data and GIS technology, this work obtains urban ecological security levels distribution in 2000 and 2013 for Guiyang City. The results show that the ecological security index of Guiyang City was relatively low in 2000 and 2013, with 3.04 more than the level of security in 2000 and 1.78 in 2013. In terms of spatial distribution, the security index tended to increase from southwest to northeast . The variation map of urban ecological security between 2000 to 2013 is obtained via superposition analysis by ArcGIS, in which the ecological security change area accounted for 27. 89% of the total. The extremely strong degradation area is 0.15 %, strong degradation area is 2. 58% and the degradation area 20. 10%; and the optimization area and strong optimization area are 4.55% and 0.46%, respectively. Moreover, classification of landscape types is done using the object-oriented method in the research. Next, this work overlays the classification results and urban ecological security data, and makes statistics to the values of ecological logical security of landscape types mainly security at different landscape type. concentrate at unsafe, critical, and The results show that the eco- secure levels. The urban areas mostly fall in a ill-conditioned level. With the increase of security levels, the proportion of occupying areas reduces gradually. The farmland landscape above in the safe level decreases and increases at other levels to some degree, but the overall trend is not obvious. The change trends of ecological security are roughly same in grasslands, forests and shrub landscapes. Wetland landscape type ecological security level is improved markedly. Comparing the ecological security of landscape types between 2000 and 2013, we find the ecologi- cal security indexes of all the landscape types tend to significantly decline except for wetlands. Degradation of farmland is more obvious and the wetland is the only improved landscape type. During the research period, landscape ecological security situation in Guiyang City indicates a trend of deteriorating. Therefore it sug- gests to optimize land use pattern in urban planning and construction in the future in order to raise the urban landscape ecological security level.
出处
《中国岩溶》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期340-348,共9页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字LKS[2012]26号)
贵州省重大专项项目(黔科合重大专项字[2012]6007号)
国家自然科学基金项目(41361091)
贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养对象专项资金项目(黔科合人字[2013]39号)
关键词
贵阳
景观生态安全
PSR模型
岩溶地区
Guiyang, landscape ecological security, PSR model, karst area
